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What building Bangladesh’s agency actually looks like from the inside – Part 2

In part one, I traced the early years of building Ngital, the frustration with an industry built on vanity metrics, the scramble to land the first clients, and the realisation that reshaped how the agency approached its work. Part two picks up from there: what trust actually looks like once that work is underway, the mistakes that don’t make it into founder highlight reels, and where the business goes next.

What trust actually looks like

The organisations on Ngital’s client list, United Nations, Education Ministry of Malaysia, Prime Bank Investment Limited, BRAC Aarong Enterprise, UCB Bank, Nordge Bank, Fantasy Kingdom, Concord, Rupayan, Marie Stopes Bangladesh, 10 Minute School, didn’t choose us because of a clever pitch.

They chose us because someone trusted the work, and the work held up, and the relationship survived at least one moment where something didn’t go according to plan.

That last part matters more than most agencies acknowledge publicly. The test of a real agency relationship isn’t a campaign that delivers everything it was supposed to. That’s the expected outcome, not the differentiating one. The test is what happens when a campaign underperforms, or a deliverable is delayed, or the brief changes halfway through execution, or the results are there but the client’s internal stakeholder is unhappy for reasons that have nothing to do with the work.

How you communicate in those moments, the speed, the honesty, the quality of the proposed solution, determines whether you keep a client for three months or three years.

One habit we built that made a genuine difference was what I call proactive transparency. Rather than waiting for a client to notice a problem, we developed the discipline of surfacing issues before they became complaints. This is uncomfortable at first. Nobody enjoys calling a client to say that something isn’t performing as expected. But the alternative, allowing the client to discover it themselves and then presenting a retroactive explanation, is significantly worse for the relationship and for the agency’s credibility.

There is also something to be said for learning to decline work. We have turned down clients whose expectations were misaligned with what honest digital marketing can deliver. We have walked away from briefs that were structured in a way that would make success impossible to achieve or define. Early in the company’s life, this felt like a risk. Later it felt like a filter that made the business stronger. The clients who stay with Ngital for years are not the clients who were easiest to onboard. They are the clients where the relationship was built on honest communication from the beginning.

The failures I won’t pretend didn’t happen

There is a particular kind of agency failure that doesn’t make it into case studies: the client you onboarded because the revenue was attractive, knowing somewhere in the back of your mind that the brief was unrealistic.

I’ve been in those situations. You tell yourself that you’ll manage it, that the team will figure it out, that the client will eventually adjust their expectations when they see what’s possible. Sometimes that happens. More often, it produces a six-month relationship that ends badly for both sides, with a significant amount of internal resource consumed and a reference that you can’t use.

Also Read: Why money won’t save Bangladesh’s startups: The ecosystem readiness crisis

We also made pricing mistakes, particularly in the early years. Underpricing is a trap that is easy to fall into when you need clients and difficult to escape once you’re in it. A client onboarded at a price point that doesn’t cover the cost of serving them properly will eventually become a client served poorly, because the economics don’t allow the time and resource the work actually requires. We had those clients. The right solution, when you recognise the problem, is to have the pricing conversation early and directly, not to hope that quality work will justify a rate increase that nobody has agreed to.

Operational complexity is another lesson that arrived gradually rather than at once. As the team grew, the coordination overhead grew faster. Communication that had worked informally when there were five people stopped working when there were thirty. Processes that had existed in my head needed to be documented in places where other people could actually follow them. The transition from a founder-run operation to a process-run operation is something nobody fully prepares you for, and I made every common mistake along the way, holding on to decisions I should have delegated, documenting processes too late, assuming that people understood expectations that had never been explicitly stated.

Cash flow is its own category. Service businesses are structurally vulnerable to the gap between work completed and payment received. There were periods where this gap created real pressure, where the revenue was technically there, in the form of outstanding invoices, but the operating account didn’t reflect it. Managing that gap requires more financial discipline than most founders building service businesses in the early stage naturally have.

Building in Bangladesh: The real picture

The case for building a serious digital company in Bangladesh is stronger than the conventional narrative suggests, and weaker in the specific ways that aren’t usually discussed.

The talent is real. Bangladesh produces engineers, designers, marketers, and strategists who are capable of work that competes at any level. The challenge is not the existence of talent, it’s the work of finding, developing, retaining, and properly compensating it in a market where the pricing pressure on services is significant and the competition for good people is increasingly intense.

The market is maturing faster than many established agencies are adapting. Consumer behaviour has changed dramatically. Social commerce is real. Performance marketing at scale is real. The appetite for digital advertising among serious Bangladeshi businesses, banks, real estate developers, healthcare organisations, educational institutions, FMCG brands, has grown substantially. The conversation I am having with clients today is fundamentally different from the one I was having five years ago. Clients are more sophisticated. They ask better questions. They push harder on performance data. That is entirely a positive development, even when it makes the work harder.

The pricing environment remains challenging. The Bangladeshi market still has a significant segment that purchases digital marketing primarily on the basis of cost. This creates pressure that is difficult to avoid entirely and important not to capitulate to entirely. An agency that wins on price is an agency that has accepted a margin structure that will make it difficult to invest properly in talent, technology, and process. That investment is the only sustainable path to quality.

International exposure has been important to Ngital’s development in ways I didn’t fully anticipate when we started. Working with clients like the United Nations, the Education Ministry of Malaysia, and Nordge Bank, and earning recognition from platforms like GoodFirms and TechBehemoths globally, has shaped how we think about quality benchmarks. When your reference point for good work is only the local market, you can find yourself setting standards that are locally competitive but globally mediocre. Exposure to international clients and international evaluation raises that floor.

Also Read: Bangladesh’s startup ecosystem is entering a new phase of investability

The opportunity beyond Bangladesh is something I think about more now than I did in the early years. Dhaka is not a geographic limitation. The question is whether the company you’ve built is capable of delivering at a level that earns business from clients who have global options. That is a quality question, not a location question.

What scale actually means

This is worth being honest about, because the conventional narrative around agency growth is misleading.

More clients does not mean a better agency. More employees does not mean a more capable organisation. More campaigns running does not mean more value delivered. Revenue growth that outpaces the growth of the team’s capacity to serve clients well is not growth, it’s degradation disguised as success.

The healthiest periods of Ngital’s development have been the ones where we grew client relationships before we grew client numbers. Where we deepened the quality of what we were doing for the clients we had before we added the next one. Where we hired for capability and then found the work to justify the hire, rather than winning the work and then scrambling to find someone to do it.

The distinction matters because clients can feel it. A client served by an agency that has slightly more capacity than it needs experiences something different from a client served by an agency that is perpetually running at 110 per cent. The former gets strategic thinking. The latter gets execution, if they’re lucky.

We have also learned, slowly, and not without some painful examples, that not every client is the right client. The right client is not simply the one who pays the retainer. The right client is one whose objectives are realistic, whose internal processes allow the agency to do its best work, whose stakeholders are aligned on what success looks like, and whose timeline for results reflects how digital marketing actually works rather than how they would prefer it to work.

That filter, applied consistently, is a growth strategy. It is also the thing that allows an agency to maintain a 5.0/5.0 rating across platforms when it has served more than 200 brands, because the work being delivered matches the expectations that were set.

Technology, AI, and the question every agency needs to answer

The conversation about artificial intelligence in digital marketing is happening at a level of abstraction that doesn’t always help practitioners.

The honest picture, from where I sit: AI is already changing what our team does and how it does it. Research processes that used to take hours can now be meaningfully accelerated. Content workflows, creative ideation, performance analysis, reporting, keyword research, audience analysis, all of these are being reshaped by tools that have become genuinely useful rather than theoretically interesting.

What this means operationally is that the tasks AI handles well are tasks our team no longer needs to spend as much time on. The time freed up needs to go somewhere. The question is whether it goes into lower billing or into higher-value work, into the strategic thinking, client understanding, and judgement-intensive activity that AI handles poorly.

My view is that the agencies that will be in serious trouble are the ones whose primary value proposition was volume. The agencies that existed to produce a high quantity of social posts, reports, or templated campaigns at a predictable price point, those businesses have a structural problem, because the cost basis for that type of work has collapsed.

The agencies that will be fine are the ones whose primary value is judgement. Strategic thinking about which channels to use and why. The ability to translate a business problem into a marketing solution that is testable, measurable, and genuinely connected to commercial outcomes. The capacity to build and maintain client relationships through the inevitable periods where things don’t go according to plan. The cultural knowledge of a market that isn’t legible to an algorithm.

Also Read: Bangladesh: An emerging investment sweet spot in South Asia

Ngital needs to be, and is working to become, the second type. That requires investing in people who can think strategically, not just execute tactically. It requires building internal processes that use AI to handle the commodity work while protecting the space for genuine analysis and creative judgement. It requires being honest with clients about what AI can and can’t do, including resisting the temptation to overstate its capabilities, which is a mistake I’ve seen other agencies make in ways that will eventually damage their credibility.

What I would do differently

The question I find most useful when reflecting on building Ngital is not “what went well”, it’s “what would I tell myself at the beginning that would actually have changed my decisions.”

A few things are clear:

  • I would specialise earlier. The instinct to say yes to everything in the early stage is understandable but costly. An agency that does everything is an agency that is remarkable at nothing. The positioning advantages of genuine specialisation, in a sector, in a channel, in a type of business problem, compound over time in a way that generalism doesn’t.
  • I would document processes from month three, not year three. The cost of not having documented processes is not visible when the team is small, because people compensate with effort and direct communication. It becomes very visible when the team is 20 people, and catastrophically visible when it’s 60.
  • I would price for the work I was actually doing, not the work I hoped the client thought I was doing. Underpricing is a mistake that creates a client relationship based on a false premise. Eventually the economics force a correction, and that correction is almost always harder than the honest conversation would have been at the start.
  • I would hire differently. Not necessarily differently in the sense of more or less experienced people, but differently in the sense of being more honest about what the role needed and more rigorous about whether the person genuinely fit it. The pressure to fill a seat quickly is real, but the cost of filling it with the wrong person is almost always higher than taking the time to find the right one.
  • I would have built the author and thought-leadership side of the business earlier. Writing, through The 5.0 Agency, through the prompt engineering work, through the content we now produce at scale, has been one of the most effective ways to demonstrate expertise and build the kind of credibility that converts into serious client relationships. The knowledge was there from the beginning. The formal articulation of it came later than it needed to.

For founders who are starting now

The lessons I’d offer someone building a digital agency, or any service business, in Bangladesh today are specific rather than general.

Results are the only currency that survives scrutiny. Relationships open doors. Credentials create initial credibility. But in a service business, the thing that keeps clients is the quality of what you deliver against the expectations that were set. Everything else is table stakes.

Trust compounds slowly and disappears quickly. The organisations that have trusted Ngital with serious budgets and serious briefs didn’t make that decision based on a pitch. They made it based on the accumulated evidence of how we operate. That takes time to build and very little time to damage.

A service business becomes scalable when systems are stronger than heroics. The founder who solves every problem personally is building a business with a very clear ceiling. The founder who builds systems that allow the team to solve problems is building something that can actually grow.

Saying no is a revenue strategy in disguise. The clients you decline because they’re the wrong fit are protecting the time, energy, and reputation that will serve your better clients. This is easier to understand in theory than to practice when the pipeline is thin. Practice it anyway.

Hiring is one of the highest-leverage activities a founder can do, and one of the most underdisciplined. The quality of the team, compounded over time, is the quality of the company. Cheap hiring is almost always expensive in total.

The Bangladesh market is not a ceiling. It is a foundation. The question is whether you build on it or allow it to limit you. The companies that will matter from Bangladesh in 10 years are the ones that are building now with a global reference point for quality, not a local one.

Failure is not the opposite of success, it is its prerequisite. I have never learned as much from a campaign that worked as I have from a client relationship that didn’t. The work is in taking those lessons seriously rather than filing them away.

Also Read: Bangladesh after the ballot: Why the emerging market king may be entering its strongest growth decade

Where this goes next

Looking at Ngital today, the team, the client roster, the partnerships, the processes we’ve built, I feel something I can only describe as cautious satisfaction. Not confidence exactly, and certainly not complacency. Something closer to the awareness that the company is better than it was, but not yet what it needs to become.

The digital marketing industry in Bangladesh is in a genuinely interesting phase. The market is large enough now to sustain serious agencies. The client sophistication is high enough that serious agencies can differentiate from mediocre ones on merit rather than just on relationship. The technology landscape, including AI, is creating capability advantages for agencies willing to invest in learning how to use it properly.

There are things I want to build that don’t yet exist inside Ngital. Deeper proprietary research capability. A more structured approach to developing junior talent into senior practitioners. A product layer that doesn’t depend entirely on client retainers. Regional capability that makes the Dhaka headquarters a genuinely global base rather than a Bangladesh-facing one.

None of that is simple. Some of it will probably take longer than I currently think, require more iteration than I’m currently planning for, and produce lessons I can’t yet anticipate.

I’ve made enough mistakes at this point to be appropriately humble about predictions. What I’m less humble about is the direction. The conviction that digital marketing, done honestly and built around real business outcomes, creates genuine value for the organisations that trust it with their budgets, that hasn’t wavered. It’s gotten stronger.

The story of building Ngital isn’t finished. In many of the ways that matter most, it’s still early.

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The AI agent boom is exposing Southeast Asia’s startup codebase problem

Across Southeast Asia’s technology hubs, the AI conversation has moved quickly from “Can it help developers write code faster?” to a harder question: “Can it be trusted to work on the codebase by itself?”

That shift matters. The first wave of generative AI in software engineering was largely about assistance: autocomplete tools, chat-based coding helpers, boilerplate generation and faster documentation. The next wave is different. Autonomous AI agents can plan multi-step tasks, inspect repositories, refactor code, generate tests, review pull requests and attempt end-to-end software changes with less direct human prompting.

Also Read: Singaporean founders’ Lightsage bags US$4M to decode how AI agents choose software

For founders and CTOs, especially in fast-moving startup markets such as Singapore, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines, the appeal is obvious. Engineering talent is expensive, product cycles are short, and investors expect teams to do more with less. If AI agents can help small teams ship faster, the productivity upside is difficult to ignore.

But new data suggests Southeast Asia may be entering an uncomfortable phase: companies are deploying autonomous agents faster than their engineering systems are ready for them.

According to the Agoda AI Developer Report 2026, which surveyed more than 800 software developers and technology executives across Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and India, 53 per cent of developers say AI agents are already in production or broad organisational use. Adoption is higher in several key markets: 58 per cent in Singapore, 64 per cent in Thailand and 59 per cent in Vietnam.

Yet only 38 per cent of developers believe their codebase is mostly or fully ready for full autonomy.

That gap between usage and readiness could become one of the defining engineering risks for startups in the region.

Productivity gains are real, but so are the risks

The report captures why founders are moving quickly. Across the region, 55 per cent of developers say AI tools now save them at least seven hours a week, up sharply from 18 per cent a year earlier. In Thailand, 70 per cent of developers report saving seven or more hours weekly. In Vietnam, the figure stands at 63 per cent.

Developers are also no longer restricting agents to simple tasks. The report shows they are testing or using agents across much of the software lifecycle: 71 per cent for documentation generation, 70 per cent for code refactoring, 66 per cent for autonomous code generation, 63 per cent for research and 62 per cent for pull-request reviews.

For a startup, that can translate into faster feature releases, shorter debugging cycles and more time for senior engineers to focus on architecture rather than repetitive implementation work. In a region where many companies operate across fragmented markets, multiple languages, different regulatory systems and uneven infrastructure, any tool that improves engineering velocity can feel strategically important.

The problem is that autonomous agents do not understand a company’s software the way experienced engineers do. Much of a startup’s codebase is shaped by context that is rarely written down: why a workaround exists, which payment flow breaks in a specific market, which customer segment depends on an old API, or which “temporary” patch has quietly become mission-critical.

A human engineer can often infer those trade-offs from experience, Slack history or conversations with colleagues. An AI agent, by contrast, depends on what it can read, retrieve and reason through. If the codebase is poorly documented, tightly coupled, weakly tested or filled with hidden dependencies, the agent may make confident but flawed assumptions.

Also Read: The hidden cost of AI coding: Why proof will matter more than prompts

That is where productivity can turn into technical debt.

Startups face the sharpest version of the problem

The readiness gap is particularly relevant for early-stage companies. The Agoda report found that among startups with one to 50 employees, 63 per cent report production or broad AI agent adoption, but only 37 per cent say their codebase is structurally prepared for autonomous execution.

The same pattern appears in larger growth-stage companies. Among organisations with 201 to 1,000 employees, 63 per cent report active production or broad agent use, while only 32 per cent believe their codebase is ready.

This is not surprising. Southeast Asian startups often build under pressure. Teams optimise for product-market fit, market launches, fundraising milestones and customer growth. Clean architecture, internal documentation, automated tests and platform governance can fall behind.

That trade-off is understandable in the early days. But autonomous AI changes the cost of messy systems. A codebase that is merely annoying for humans can become actively dangerous for agents. An undocumented dependency may lead to a broken workflow. A missing test may let a regression into production. A vague instruction may result in an agent modifying the wrong part of the system.

In other words, AI does not eliminate technical debt. It can expose it, accelerate it or multiply its consequences.

What “agent-ready” really means

The report points to five areas that companies need to assess before giving agents more autonomy.

The first is technical readiness. A codebase needs to be modular, decoupled and supported by reliable tests. If an agent cannot isolate the impact of a change, it is more likely to break adjacent services.

The second is integration readiness. Agents need access to the right development environments, internal packages, sandboxed databases, continuous integration pipelines and testing systems. Without these, they may generate code that looks plausible but cannot be safely validated.

The third is economic readiness. AI agents consume tokens, make repeated attempts and sometimes fail before producing useful output. Startups need visibility into the cost per successful task, not just the novelty of automation.

The fourth is governance readiness. Companies must define which tasks agents can complete independently, which require human approval and which are off limits. This is especially important in regulated sectors such as fintech, healthtech, insurtech and digital lending, where a faulty deployment can have legal or consumer-protection implications.

The fifth is workforce readiness. Engineers need to learn how to brief agents, review outputs, design better systems and validate changes. The role shifts from writing every line of code to directing, constraining and auditing automated execution.

Also Read: AI governance is moving from promises to proof

As Siba Prasad Hota, Senior Technical Lead and Architect at Sakhatech Information Systems, puts it in the report: “The goal should be AI autonomy with human oversight where consequences are significant, rather than replacing human ownership entirely.”

The Omise example

Regional payments company Omise offers a useful example of a more controlled approach. Rather than letting developers run unconstrained agents across production repositories, the company built a governed agentic platform for impact analysis, feature development, testing and code review.

During a major platform upgrade, Omise used AI agents to assess downstream code impacts, helping engineers complete in weeks what would previously have taken months. According to Sylvain Dormieu, Director of Engineering at Omise, the company achieved a 37 per cent productivity gain based on story points.

The more important lesson is not simply that AI improved output. It is that Omise treated agents as part of an engineering system, not as a shortcut around one. Junior developers could generate baseline code faster, while senior engineers focused on business logic, architectural decisions and risk. Accountability remained human-led.

That distinction is crucial for Southeast Asia, where startups are often scaling across markets with different payment rails, compliance requirements, logistics networks and consumer behaviours. Autonomy without context can be brittle. Autonomy inside a governed system can be powerful.

The founder’s takeaway

For startup leaders, the message is clear: high AI adoption does not automatically equal engineering leverage.

The companies that benefit most from autonomous agents will not necessarily be those that use the most tools. They will be the ones that make their systems legible to machines and accountable to humans.

That starts with refactoring for context: breaking down monoliths where practical, improving internal documentation, strengthening tests and making dependencies clearer. It also means building gateways rather than blanket bans, so agents operate inside controlled environments with automated checks. Finally, companies need to match autonomy to risk. Documentation, test scaffolding and research may be suitable for greater automation. Production deployments, security-sensitive changes and customer-facing systems still require strong human review.

Also Read: Your offshore vendor’s AI is running on your code: Do you know which one?

Southeast Asia’s startups have often won by moving faster than incumbents. In the age of AI agents, speed will still matter. But the advantage may shift towards teams that combine speed with discipline.

The next phase of software engineering will not be defined by whether companies use autonomous AI. Many already do. It will be defined by whether their codebases, workflows and leadership teams are ready for what autonomy actually demands.

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PSA, Granite Asia launch US$50M fund to scale supply-chain innovation

In global logistics, the problem is rarely a shortage of new technology. Ports, shipping lines, freight forwarders and warehouse operators are constantly pitched tools promising to predict delays, automate yards, optimise routes or cut emissions. The harder question is whether those tools can work inside real trade networks, where a single container journey may involve terminals, trucks, ships, customs systems, warehouses and multiple data owners.

That is the gap PSA International and Granite Asia are now trying to address.

The Singapore-headquartered port operator and the Asian private capital platform have launched the G&P Strategic Innovation Fund, a US$50 million vehicle aimed at backing technology companies building for ports, logistics and global supply chains.

Also Read: Singapore’s Neptune Robotics secures US$52M to fuel global rollout of AI-powered vessel cleaning

The fund will co-invest with Granite Asia’s existing funds and focus on solutions that can move beyond pilots into practical, scalable deployment.

The timing is not accidental. Artificial intelligence, robotics and automation are beginning to change how goods are planned, handled and tracked. But supply chains remain deeply fragmented, especially across Southeast Asia, where modern mega ports sit alongside manual warehouses, paper-heavy customs processes and uneven digital infrastructure.

For PSA, which operates across 45 countries and handled more than 105 million TEUs in 2025, the fund is a way to bring external innovation closer to the operating floor. (A TEU, or twenty-foot equivalent unit, is the standard measure of container volume.) For Granite Asia, which manages and co-manages US$11 billion in assets, it offers a route into one of the world’s most complex industrial technology markets.

From pilots to ports

Corporate venture funds are not new in logistics. Many large operators have set up accelerators or innovation arms to test new software, sensors and robotics. The challenge is that pilots often stay pilots.

A warehouse robot that works in a controlled demonstration may struggle with irregular floor layouts. An AI model trained on one terminal’s data may not generalise well to another. A digital freight tool may be useful only if enough customers, carriers and intermediaries agree to share information.

The new PSA-Granite fund appears designed around that bottleneck. PSA brings physical infrastructure, operating knowledge and access to trade flows. Granite Asia brings technology investing experience and a portfolio-building lens. Together, they want to identify companies whose products can survive the messy reality of global logistics.

The fund sits within a broader strategic partnership between the two organisations, covering technology insights, venture engagement, talent development and innovation partnerships. It also ties into PSA’s wider AI strategy, which includes operational excellence, customer solutions, trusted data foundations, enterprise productivity and sustainability across its port ecosystems.

“Innovation, automation and artificial intelligence are increasingly becoming critical differentiators in global supply chains,” said Ong Kim Pong, Group CEO of PSA International. He said the partnership reflects PSA’s push to strengthen operational performance and connect its port ecosystems more effectively.

Also Read: Teleport powers Capital A’s rebound, but thin margins show logistics remains a hard road

The phrase matters. PSA has been framing its future around a “Node to Network” vision; the idea that ports are no longer just physical nodes where boxes are loaded and unloaded, but connected platforms in wider supply-chain networks. That shift requires technology not only at the quay crane, but across forecasting, inland transport, inventory visibility and emissions tracking.

Why Southeast Asia matters

For Southeast Asia, the fund lands at an important moment. The region is becoming a larger manufacturing and trade hub as companies diversify supply chains beyond China, while e-commerce, regional consumption and cross-border trade continue to grow. At the same time, logistics costs in many Southeast Asian markets remain high due to congestion, fragmented trucking networks, customs friction and inconsistent warehousing standards.

Singapore is already one of the world’s most advanced maritime hubs, but the region around it is far more uneven. This creates both a problem and an opportunity: technology that can prove itself in complex Southeast Asian supply chains may have relevance in other emerging markets too.

AI could help predict vessel arrival times, reduce idle time at terminals or optimise equipment allocation. Robotics could improve container handling, warehouse operations and inspection work. Automation could reduce paperwork and improve coordination between ports, shippers and inland transport providers. But these tools depend on reliable data, integration with legacy systems and trust among industry players.

That is where PSA’s operating footprint may give the fund an advantage. Startups in logistics often struggle to access real-world environments where they can validate products at scale. A global port operator can provide not just capital, but also use cases, domain expertise and potential deployment pathways.

Also Read: Sensors, predictions, premiums: How Willog turned shipment data into an insurance biz

Jixun Foo, Senior Managing Partner at Granite Asia, said the fund brings together Granite Asia’s technology investment platform with PSA’s operational scale and supply-chain know-how. He added that the aim is to support entrepreneurs whose solutions can deliver real-world impact for ports, logistics and global trade.

Strategic capital, not just financial capital

The fund also reflects a broader shift in venture and growth investing. In capital-intensive or operationally complex sectors such as logistics, climate and industrial automation, money alone is often not enough. Startups need customers, deployment sites, regulatory understanding and technical feedback.

That is why strategic investors have become more important in parts of the technology market where adoption cycles are long. A port automation startup, for example, cannot scale like a consumer app. It must pass safety checks, integrate with critical infrastructure and prove reliability under heavy operating conditions.

Granite Asia’s track record gives the partnership a financial platform to work from. The firm says it has invested in 121 companies valued at more than US$1 billion and supported 70 IPOs worldwide. Its mandate spans private equity, private credit and public capital, giving it flexibility across company stages.

Still, the success of the G&P Strategic Innovation Fund will depend less on the size of the cheque and more on whether it can help portfolio companies cross the gap between promising technology and repeatable commercial adoption. In logistics, that is usually where startups stumble.

For PSA, the move is also defensive. Ports are under pressure to become faster, greener and more resilient while dealing with volatile trade patterns, labour constraints, climate risks and geopolitical disruptions. Operators that can use data and automation well may gain an edge not only in efficiency, but also in customer stickiness.

Also Read: DBS doubles down on private markets with US$110M AI IPO fund

The US$50 million fund is modest compared with the scale of global logistics. But if deployed well, it could serve as a test bed for technologies that make supply chains less opaque and more adaptive. In a region where trade remains central to economic growth, that could matter far beyond the port gate.

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Why a good product isn’t enough for sustainable growth

A good product can open the door to a market, but it does not guarantee business success.

Many companies reach a point where their product or service has potential, customers are showing interest, and the team is working hard, but growth remains slower than expected. The challenge is often not the product itself. It is the business structure surrounding it.

Sustainable growth requires more than selling a product. It requires the right strategy, operations, market positioning, customer approach, financial planning, and people.

For companies looking to grow, the question is not simply “How can we sell more?” but “What needs to change inside and outside the business to support sustainable growth?”

Growth starts with understanding the business

Before looking for new customers or entering new markets, companies need a clear understanding of where they currently stand.

This includes understanding:

  • Who the ideal customers are
  • What makes the company different from competitors
  • Which products or services generate the most value
  • Where revenue is coming from
  • Which costs are limiting growth
  • Where operational problems are occurring
  • What customers actually need
  • Which markets offer realistic opportunities

Without this foundation, companies can spend significant time and resources pursuing opportunities that may not fit their business.

A clear business assessment can reveal problems that are not always visible from day-to-day operations.

The difference between being busy and growing

One of the challenges businesses face as they expand is confusing activity with progress.

A team may have more meetings, more leads, more projects, and more customers, while profitability or efficiency remains unchanged.

Growth should therefore be measured through meaningful business outcomes.

Depending on the company, these may include:

  • Revenue growth
  • Profitability
  • Customer retention
  • Market share
  • Operational efficiency
  • Sales conversion
  • Customer acquisition cost
  • Employee productivity

The right metrics depend on the company’s objectives. What matters is having a clear connection between daily activities and strategic goals.

Also Read: The AI productivity paradox: Why finance must  move beyond automation 

Strategy must become action

A business strategy is valuable only when it can be translated into execution.

Companies often have ambitious plans such as entering a new market, launching a new service, expanding their sales team, or improving their digital presence. The difficult part is turning those ideas into realistic steps.

A practical growth strategy should answer five basic questions:

  • Where are we now?
  • Where do we want to go?
  • What is preventing us from getting there?
  • What resources do we need?
  • What should we do first?

Breaking a large objective into measurable actions makes execution more manageable and allows leadership teams to track progress.

Entering a new market requires more than demand

Market expansion can create significant opportunities, but entering a new country or customer segment without preparation can also create unnecessary risks.

Companies should consider factors such as customer behaviour, competitors, pricing, regulations, distribution channels, partnerships, cultural differences, and local business practices.

A market may look attractive from the outside but become much more challenging once a company evaluates the actual cost and complexity of operating there.

This is where structured market research and business planning can make a significant difference.

The objective is not simply to identify a market with potential. It is to determine whether the company has a realistic path to succeed in that market.

Operations become more important as companies grow

What works for a small company does not always work when the company becomes larger.

Processes that were previously managed informally may become inefficient. Communication can become slower. Responsibilities may become unclear. Customers may experience inconsistent service.

Companies therefore need to continuously review how work gets done.

Improving operations does not always mean implementing expensive technology. Sometimes the biggest improvements come from clearer responsibilities, better processes, stronger communication, and more effective performance measurement.

Technology can support these improvements, but it should serve the business strategy, not replace it.

Also Read: How to use AI to win (Hint: It has nothing to do with being more productive)

Customers should remain at the centre

Growth is ultimately connected to customers.

Companies can invest heavily in marketing, technology, or expansion, but if they do not understand their customers, those investments may not produce the expected results.

Customer feedback can reveal opportunities to improve products, services, pricing, communication, and the overall customer experience.

Businesses should continuously ask:

  • Why do customers choose us?
  • Why do some customers leave?
  • What problem are we actually solving?
  • What would make our customers choose us again?

These questions can provide valuable insights for both strategy and innovation.

Sometimes the business needs an outside perspective

Leadership teams are often deeply involved in daily operations. This can make it difficult to identify problems objectively.

I believe an outside perspective can help companies assess their current position, challenge existing assumptions, identify opportunities, and develop practical strategies for growth.

The role of a business advisor is not to make every decision for the company.

It is to help the leadership team make better-informed decisions.

Depending on the company’s needs, this can involve business strategy, market research, growth planning, operational improvement, partnerships, sales development, market expansion, and other areas of business development.

Also Read: The cheapest way to stop your AI product from regressing

There is no single formula for business growth

Every company has different challenges.

A startup may need help validating its market and building a scalable business model. An established company may need support entering a new market. Another business may have strong sales but inefficient operations. Others may need to reposition their brand, improve their customer strategy, or identify new growth opportunities.

For this reason, business advisory should not be based on a one-size-fits-all approach.

The focus should be on understanding each company’s specific situation, objectives, resources, and challenges before identifying the most suitable path forward.

Sustainable growth is built, not chased

The strongest companies are not necessarily those that grow the fastest.

They are the companies that build the foundations needed to continue growing.

A strong product matters. But so do strategy, customers, operations, people, financial discipline, market knowledge, and the ability to adapt.

For companies looking toward their next stage of growth, the goal should not simply be to do more.

It should be to build a business that can do better, smarter, and more sustainably.

That is where strategic business advice can create real value, not by replacing the company’s vision, but by helping turn that vision into a practical path forward.

—

Editor’s note: e27 aims to foster thought leadership by publishing views from the community. You can also share your perspective by submitting an article, video, podcast, or infographic.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of e27.

Join us on WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook, X, and LinkedIn to stay connected.

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Everyone can build with AI now. Almost nobody can see what’s coming

This week, two numbers came out of the same region within days of each other, and almost nobody put them side by side.

On September 3, Singapore’s central bank committed SG$220 million over three years to fintech and AI infrastructure under a fourth-generation innovation scheme. Around the same time, a Tracxn landscape report showed Southeast Asia’s native AI startups had raised US$4.1 billion through July, more than double all of 2025. On paper, that reads like a boom.

Except one company, Kling AI, absorbed 68 per cent of that total in a single Series D. Strip that round out and the region raised roughly US$1.3 billion, spread across just 23 disclosed deals, down from 41 the year before. And separately, no dedicated Southeast Asia private equity fund closed at all in the first half of 2026 — the worst showing on record — while three pan-Asian mega-funds raised a combined US$39.2 billion that has no obligation to land in this region specifically.

The tool gap closed, the timing gap didn’t

Here is the part of the AI story that gets the applause: building software no longer requires a computer science degree. By one recent estimate, 84 per cent of people using AI coding tools in 2026 have no engineering background. Lovable reportedly hit US$400 million in annualised revenue this year, four times what it was eight months earlier. A non-technical founder took a Lovable-built tool to over US$800,000 in ARR in nine months.

I am one of these people. I scored 147 on the PSLE and was streamed into Normal Technical — not the track anyone expected a founder to come from. I built my first product during downtime on ambulance shifts, using AI as my technical co-architect. So I understand, from the inside, why “anyone can build now” feels like the headline.

Also Read: Singapore’s AI dividend will depend on what happens after the pilot phase

But building access was never the real gate. Information timing is, and that gate has not moved.

Institutional investors have spent years buying lead time most consumers don’t know exists. Search data has been shown to run 4 to 10 weeks ahead of reported revenue for consumer-facing businesses; card transaction data offers a 2 to 4 week head start on earnings surprises. None of that is illegal or even secret — it’s a mature industry with vendors and case studies. It’s just priced for institutions, not for the person deciding whether to buy the stock, the shift, or the property everyone will be talking about in a month.

Consumers can feel it, even if they can’t name it

Consumer AI usage keeps climbing — Prophet’s 2026 research puts adoption at 73 per cent, up from 45 per cent in early 2024. But belief that AI will be trustworthy enough to lean on for real decisions has dropped roughly 30 per cent in the same window. That is not a contradiction; it’s a fairly accurate read of what’s happening. The same report notes that “businesses that own the agents will have a structural advantage in maintaining consumer relationships, driving full-journey engagement, and capturing data” — which is a polite way of saying the agent works for whoever deployed it, not necessarily for the person typing into it.

Agentic commerce is walking straight into that gap. Consumer surveys this year show 65 per cent of US shoppers trust AI to compare prices, but only 14 per cent trust it to actually place an order on their behalf. OpenAI paused its own Instant Checkout feature in March, shifting focus back to discovery rather than transactions — a fairly candid admission that the trust and evidence layer underneath these systems isn’t ready, even as the commerce layer races ahead.

Speed without an evidence trail is its own risk

It would be dishonest to hold vibe coding up as the clean counterexample to institutional advantage, because the same “move fast, verify later” instinct shows up there too, with its own cost. Security researchers who scanned over 1,400 production vibe-coded applications found 65 per cent had security issues and 58 per cent carried at least one critical vulnerability. Georgia Tech researchers tied 35 CVEs in a single month directly to AI-generated code. Building got easier. Building something that holds up under scrutiny did not.

Also Read: The hidden economics of autonomous AI agents

I think about this the way I was trained to think about a scene before I touch a patient: check the evidence, understand what’s actually in front of you, then act — not the other way round. That habit, more than any framework, is what shaped the signal-intelligence work I do now at OnTheRice, where the working rule is that a claim only counts once it’s timestamped, sourced, and checked against what actually happened later. I don’t say that to sell the product. I say it because the discipline is the point, and it’s transferable to anyone building in this window, not just to me.

What Southeast Asia’s builders should actually be arguing for

The uncomfortable version of this moment is that AI has quietly widened, not narrowed, the distance between who acts on information first and who reads about it after the fact. Capital in this region is barbelling into a handful of infrastructure mega-rounds while dedicated regional funds can’t close.

Consumer-facing AI is scaling in usage while shrinking in trust. And a genuine wave of non-traditional builders — paramedics, ex-guild leaders, people who never touched a computer science classroom — is proving the tools no longer gatekeep who can ship. That part is real, and it matters.

But shipping fast and shipping trustworthy are different achievements, and only one of them closes the actual gap. The founders in this region who deserve the next round of attention and capital are not the ones building faster checkout flows or flashier agents.

They’re the ones building the boring, auditable infrastructure that gives an ordinary person in Singapore, Jakarta, or Manila the same kind of advance notice a hedge fund buys for itself — evidence attached, timestamped, and checked against reality afterward. Everyone can build with AI now. The next competitive line is who’s willing to build something worth trusting first.

—

Editor’s note: e27 aims to foster thought leadership by publishing views from the community. You can also share your perspective by submitting an article, video, podcast, or infographic.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of e27.

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Meta appoints Dhruv Vohra to lead Southeast Asia business as AI and chat commerce reshape online retail

Meta has appointed Dhruv Vohra as Managing Director of its Global Business Group in Southeast Asia, putting a longtime regional executive in charge of one of the company’s most commercially important and behaviourally complex markets.

Based in the region, Vohra will oversee Meta’s commercial strategy across Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. He will report to Benjamin Joe, Meta’s Vice President for Asia Pacific.

The appointment comes at a time when Southeast Asia’s internet economy is moving into a new phase. The region’s first big consumer internet wave was shaped by e-commerce marketplaces, ride-hailing superapps and social media-led discovery. The next one is being built around messaging, short-form video, live selling and AI-assisted advertising — areas where Meta is trying to defend and extend its role among businesses of all sizes.

Also Read: Meta, Singapore Police disrupt 3.7M scam-linked assets across Facebook and Instagram

For Meta, Southeast Asia is not simply a user-growth story. It is a test market for how commerce is evolving in mobile-first economies, where small businesses may never have built a website, but can sell through Facebook Pages, Instagram accounts, WhatsApp chats and livestreams.

“Southeast Asia is one of Meta’s fastest-growing business regions, and the work ahead is helping businesses leverage AI and messaging at the pace their customers already expect,” said Joe. “Dhruv has spent seven years close to those businesses, and he has built the teams that support millions of them. He is the right person for this next phase.”

A familiar executive returns to a changed market

Vohra joined Meta in 2019 as Director for e-commerce and digital natives, working with the platforms and online-first brands that helped reshape retail across the region. He later led small and medium business growth in Southeast Asia, before expanding that responsibility across Asia Pacific.

His return to a Southeast Asia-focused role comes after a period in which the region’s digital commerce habits have become harder to categorise. Consumers may discover a product through a creator’s video, ask questions in a chat thread, compare prices on a marketplace, wait for a double-date sale day, and complete the purchase through a wallet or bank transfer.

This behaviour has made Southeast Asia a particularly important market for Meta’s business products. The company’s advertising engine depends heavily on businesses finding customers across Facebook, Instagram, Messenger and WhatsApp. In this region, those products often sit close to the transaction itself, especially for micro, small and medium enterprises.

Vohra has also built a public profile around the region’s small business economy. He writes a LinkedIn column, Small to Scale: Inside APAC’s Innovative SMBs, and contributed to Meta’s SYNC Southeast Asia thought leadership series on digital consumers and e-commerce trends.

Also Read: Pinterest and Shopee link up to bring creator-led shopping to Indonesia

“Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic and creative regions in the world. Trends such as business messaging and live shopping found early adopters here,” Vohra said. “No two markets here behave the same way, and the businesses growing fastest here have outgrown the borders they started in. AI has opened up even more possibilities.”

Why the role matters now

The appointment is significant because Meta’s growth in Southeast Asia now depends on more than selling ads against a large user base. Businesses are asking for clearer returns on advertising spend, better tools to manage customer conversations, and easier ways to create and target campaigns.

AI is central to that pitch. Meta, like Google and other advertising platforms, has been pushing automated tools that help businesses generate creative assets, find audiences and optimise campaigns with less manual work. For small companies with limited marketing teams, these tools could lower the barrier to running digital campaigns. For Meta, they also help keep advertisers inside its ecosystem.

Messaging is the other major lever. In much of Southeast Asia, chat is not a customer-service afterthought; it is often the storefront. Consumers ask whether an item is available, negotiate details, request delivery information and expect rapid responses. This makes business messaging a commercial infrastructure layer, not just a communications feature.

That is especially relevant in markets such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam, where social commerce has grown alongside marketplace platforms. It also matters in Singapore and Malaysia, where more mature digital advertisers are looking for automation, cross-border reach and better conversion tracking.

Also Read: TikTok deepens Vietnam commerce bet with US$980M logistics project in Ho Chi Minh City

Vohra’s task will be to align Meta’s regional business strategy with these uneven market realities. Southeast Asia is often spoken about as a single bloc, but its digital economy is split across languages, payment habits, logistics networks, regulations and consumer preferences. What works for a beauty seller in Bangkok may not work for a food brand in Manila or a cross-border merchant in Ho Chi Minh City.

The competitive field

Meta’s Southeast Asia business also faces a crowded and increasingly localised competitive landscape. TikTok has become a major force in short-form video discovery and social commerce, particularly through TikTok Shop in markets such as Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Google remains dominant in search and YouTube advertising, while e-commerce platforms, including Shopee and Lazada, have built sizeable retail media businesses, selling ad inventory close to the point of purchase.

Superapps such as Grab also compete for merchant marketing budgets, particularly in food, mobility and financial services. For small businesses, the choice is no longer simply whether to advertise on social media, but how to divide spending across platforms that each control a different part of the customer journey.

This rivalry puts pressure on Meta to prove that its platforms can drive measurable sales, not just awareness. Apple’s privacy changes in recent years also made ad attribution more difficult across the industry, forcing platforms to rely more on first-party signals, AI modelling and in-app business tools.

In Southeast Asia, that challenge is sharpened by the region’s reliance on mobile commerce and informal selling. Many businesses still operate across multiple channels without sophisticated customer data systems. Meta’s opportunity is to make advertising and messaging simple enough for these businesses, while powerful enough for larger brands and regional merchants.

A regional leadership test

Vohra’s appointment is therefore less about a routine leadership reshuffle and more about Meta’s next commercial chapter in Southeast Asia. The company is operating in a region where consumer behaviour often moves faster than formal retail infrastructure, and where business adoption can jump quickly when a tool proves useful.

The six markets under his remit together represent a large and diverse digital economy, with hundreds of millions of internet users and a deep base of entrepreneurs selling online. They are also markets where trust, affordability and responsiveness matter as much as technology.

Also Read: Grab’s US$1.49B Atome deal signals a deeper race for SEA’s credit economy

If Meta can turn AI and messaging into practical tools for these businesses, it could strengthen its position at the centre of Southeast Asia’s commerce stack. If it falls short, rivals with tighter links to entertainment, search, marketplaces or payments will keep pulling merchant budgets in their direction.

For Vohra, the job is to navigate both sides of that equation: helping businesses grow inside a region that rarely follows a single playbook, while keeping Meta relevant as the way Southeast Asia shops, sells and advertises continues to change.

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MoneyHero’s activist investor wants a sale. Richard Li holds the real vote

Every comparison site promises to find you a better deal. Jonathan Honig thinks it’s time MoneyHero found one for itself.

On 29 September, the investor, who says he owns about 9 per cent of MoneyHero’s Class A shares, published an open letter asking the board to hire an independent adviser and explore a sale.

Honig’s list of complaints is long and hard to dispute. There is still no permanent CEO six months after Rohith Murthy’s exit. Revenue slid from US$80.7 million in FY2023 to US$73.4 million in FY2025, against a promised US$100 million. And the share price of US$0.675 is down more than 88 per cent since the October 2023 debut.

Also Read: MoneyHero’s winning quarter has a US$6.7M problem

But open letters are theatre, and theatre depends on who’s in the audience. At MoneyHero, only one seat really counts, and it belongs to Richard Li.

The market has already priced the business at almost nothing

Start with the arithmetic, because it explains everything else. MoneyHero has about 44.08 million shares outstanding. At US$0.675, that puts its market value at roughly US$30 million. At the end of June, the company held US$28.2 million in cash.

Put differently, investors are valuing SingSaver, Seedly, Moneymax, 10.1 million registered members and a web of bank and insurer partnerships at roughly the price of a decent Singapore condominium. That is not a valuation. It is a verdict.

The second quarter explains why. Revenue fell 13 per cent year on year to US$15.8 million. Cash rewards paid to users jumped 77 per cent to US$5.1 million, which means MoneyHero is increasingly renting its demand rather than earning it. Monthly unique users fell 30 per cent, partly because the company began filtering out bot traffic in April without restating earlier periods. The first-half net loss widened to US$7.95 million.

Honig’s letter changes the tempo. It forces the board off the fence before his 5 October deadline. Silence will read as complacency, and a rushed CEO appointment will read as panic. Either way, the one asset an aggregator cannot afford to lose is now in play: the confidence of the banks and insurers who decide where their acquisition budgets go. Partners rarely rush to sign multi-year deals with a company that might have a new owner by Chinese New Year.

What does Honig actually want?

Look at how he built his position. In October 2025, his filings showed 1,117,401 Class A shares held individually and 496,604 held by a trust controlled by his wife. By April 2026, that had grown to 2,941,000 Class A shares, or 9.631 per cent of the class. He nearly doubled his stake while the stock fell.

That is not a man looking for the exit. It is a man betting there is a floor, and the floor is the cash. If the operating business is worth anything above zero, a sale at his proposed US$1.50 a share, roughly US$66 million for the company, would more than double his money. At today’s price, his entire stake is worth about US$2 million.

Also Read: Wealth management emerges bright spot in Southeast Asia financial services M&A

So his endgame could take three forms. The first is a sale at a premium, the outcome he is openly demanding. The second is more modest: a buyback, tender offer or capital return, anything that closes the gap between the share price and the bank balance. The third is a seat at the table, or at least a board that answers his calls.

There is one wrinkle. Honig has reported his stake on Schedule 13G, the short form for passive investors. In April, he certified that the shares were not held for the purpose of changing or influencing control of the issuer. A public demand for a sale is not what most people mean by passive. Watch whether he switches to a Schedule 13D, the disclosure for shareholders seeking influence. If he does, he is settling in for a longer fight.

The 81 per cent problem

Here is where the drama meets its limits. As of September 2025, Li’s sponsor entity beneficially owned 38.3 per cent of MoneyHero’s equity and 81.1 per cent of its voting power, since each Class B share carries 10 votes against one for a Class A share.

Honig’s 9 per cent of the Class A shares therefore carries a sliver of the vote. He can embarrass the board, but he cannot outvote it. His letter is effectively addressed to one man: the tycoon who controls Pacific Century, which has indirect majority ownership of the FWD group, and who chairs PCCW.

That makes the real question strategic rather than procedural. Does Li still want a sub-scale comparison platform fighting a cash-reward arms race in Singapore and Hong Kong? Or does it now make more sense in someone else’s hands? Honig also notes that no director or executive has bought shares on the open market. That silence speaks louder than any investor-day slide.

What if the board buckles?

Caving is not automatically good news for minority shareholders. There are three ways a pressured sale can go wrong.

The first is a take-under. A strategic review launched from weakness attracts bargain hunters who price off the cash, not the franchise. If no credible bidder emerges, the stock can fall further than where it started.

The second is a break-up. MoneyHero already sold its Malaysian CompareHero business to Jirnexu in 2024. Selling SingSaver or Seedly piecemeal to rivals would concentrate Southeast Asia’s comparison market into fewer hands. Consumers who rely on these sites for supposedly independent advice on credit cards and insurance would then have fewer places to check whether they are being sold the best product or merely the best-paying one.

The third is the quiet one. The buyer with the most certainty is the controller itself. Minority protections exist, but negotiating leverage is thin when the other side holds four-fifths of the votes.

Also Read: 48 PE investors, US$3.96B deployed, and not a single IPO exit in five years. Something is broken.

Then there are the people. MoneyHero cut 80 jobs in 2024. Another stretch of limbo is exactly when good engineers and partnership managers update their LinkedIn profiles.

Precedents: The Bridgetown family album

Southeast Asia has seen this film before, with an almost identical cast. PropertyGuru listed in 2022 via a merger with Peter Thiel and Li’s Bridgetown 2 SPAC, in a deal valuing the combined company at US$1.78 billion. Two years later, EQT agreed to pay US$6.70 per share, a 52 per cent premium to the last unaffected price, and TPG and KKR, holding a combined 56 per cent, signed voting agreements backing the deal.

The lesson cuts both ways. A premium is possible when controlling holders want out and the asset is a category leader. But PropertyGuru dominated property listings with real pricing power. MoneyHero is paying users to show up.

Singapore also has a small but persistent activist tradition. Swiss fund Quarz Capital has spent a decade writing open letters to local boards. At Sunningdale Tech, it accused the company of shareholder value destruction and pushed for a higher dividend payout, and the board replied that it preferred to focus on fundamentals. That is the standard Asian boardroom response, and it often buys time rather than results.

Globally, Toshiba is the cautionary tale. It spent years resisting activist funds before agreeing in 2023 to a buyout led by Japan Industrial Partners, then delisted after more than seven decades on the Tokyo exchange. Resistance did not change the destination. It only lengthened the journey while value leaked away.

The board’s real choice

Public markets do not grade on backers. Thiel and Li’s names got MoneyHero onto Nasdaq. They cannot keep it there on reputation alone.

The board should do what MoneyHero asks its own users to do: compare the options honestly. One option is a credible permanent CEO with a plan to stop buying traffic with cash. The other is a transparent review that gives minority shareholders a real voice. What it cannot do is keep everything interim.

For a company whose business is helping people make better financial decisions, the least it can do is make one of its own.

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The hidden economics of autonomous AI agents

For many startup founders, the first attempt to understand the cost of artificial intelligence (AI) begins in the wrong place: the model provider’s pricing page.

They calculate the price of input and output tokens, compare one model against another, and try to forecast usage as if AI were a simple utility meter.

That approach may work for a chatbot answering one question at a time. It breaks down quickly when companies move into autonomous agents — software systems that can plan, retrieve information, run commands, inspect errors, and try again without constant human prompting.

In that world, the model call is often not the expensive part. The real bill sits around it.

Also Read: The app worked, the product didn’t: Can we install judgement into AI agents?

As Erik Perttu, Head of Engineering at Edu2Review, puts it in a recent Agoda report on AI adoption across Southeast Asia and India: “The generation is cheap; the trust-building around it is where the spend actually lives.”

That line captures a growing problem for engineering teams in the region. As AI coding assistants and agentic workflows become part of daily development, costs no longer come only from asking a model to write code. They come from everything needed to make that code usable, safe, and reliable.

The hidden cost of making AI useful

The report points to a case study involving an independent engineering pipeline working on a routine software task: renaming a variable across a dozen interconnected files.

On paper, this is exactly the kind of job AI should handle cheaply. The raw large language model calls needed to generate the code modifications cost about US$0.50. But once the full workflow was measured, the picture changed. Automated context retrieval, prompt construction, syntax parsing, multi-pass test validation, security scanning, and human review accounted for close to 90 per cent of the total financial and computational spend.

In other words, most of the cost was not in generating the answer. It was in proving that the answer could be trusted.

This matters because autonomous agents behave very differently from single-turn assistants. A coding assistant might suggest a function. An agent tasked with resolving a software issue may inspect local files, search dependencies, execute terminal commands, read test failures, re-prompt itself, and produce several corrective patches before stopping.

Each loop can be useful. Each loop also consumes resources.

Without guardrails, these systems can burn through budgets in surprisingly ordinary ways. Teams may dump entire code repositories, database schemas, or raw application logs into a high-context model when only a small slice is needed. Agents may be allowed to retry a failing unit test 15 or 20 times before a human steps in. Static system prompts, API definitions, and architecture notes may be sent repeatedly instead of being cached.

Also Read: Language was never the problem: Inside SEA’s real AI adoption gap

The result is not a dramatic AI failure. It is something more mundane: death by a thousand inefficient calls.

“The real risk isn’t AI being expensive. It is AI being used carelessly,” says M. Ridwan Agustiawan, Head of Engineering at Indonesian media-intelligence firm dataxet.

How dataxet made cost control an engineering habit

For dataxet, part of the Dataxet Group, the issue is not theoretical. The company uses agentic AI in production systems that support infrastructure and data-monitoring reporting. Its agents retrieve metrics from internal and client repositories, detect anomalies, translate raw data trends into executive narratives, and generate prioritised action recommendations for leadership.

That is a higher-stakes use case than a developer asking for help with boilerplate code. The output can influence operational decisions. It also requires the AI system to work across fragmented information sources, a familiar challenge for Southeast Asian companies dealing with multilingual markets, varied data maturity, and uneven legacy infrastructure.

dataxet noticed early that once developers became comfortable with AI tools, invoking an agent became the default response to many routine tasks. Individually, those requests looked harmless. Across an engineering organisation, they added up.

Rather than banning usage or imposing blanket restrictions, dataxet treated AI cost control as an engineering discipline.

The company narrowed the context fed into agents, using tightly scoped and pre-filtered data payloads instead of raw logs. It routed routine data aggregation to deterministic scripts — predictable software that does not need a reasoning model — and reserved high-reasoning large language model calls for anomaly interpretation and executive synthesis. It also tracked token consumption by feature, pipeline, and engineering workflow, making AI usage visible rather than abstract.

That visibility is crucial. Cloud computing went through a similar cycle. In the early days, teams spun up servers freely in the name of speed. The bills came later. The response was FinOps, a set of practices for managing cloud costs without killing innovation. Agustiawan sees a similar shift coming for AI: resource-conscious AI engineering.

Also Read: Why Singapore, Indonesia, and Vietnam are losing the AI race they think they are winning

For Southeast Asian startups, the lesson is particularly relevant. Many operate with lean engineering teams, limited runway, and investor pressure to show productivity gains from AI. The temptation is to either embrace agents everywhere or lock them down as soon as costs rise. Neither approach is sustainable.

Why quotas alone do not solve the problem

The Agoda report also highlights a split between how senior and junior technologists experience AI adoption.

Senior technology leaders (including CTOs, VPs, and architects) are more than twice as likely as junior developers to identify cost as the main barrier to agent adoption, at 32 per cent compared with 15 per cent. Junior developers, meanwhile, are nearly three times as likely to cite lack of skills, at 17 per cent compared with 6 per cent.

That gap helps explain why many organisations reach first for rationing. Across Southeast Asia and India, four in five developers now operate under usage limits, token quotas, or budget restrictions. Among large enterprises with more than 1,000 employees, more than 91 per cent enforce active usage caps.

Caps may be necessary, especially in companies where AI usage has spread faster than governance. But blind quotas can create a false sense of control. If a team is feeding bloated context into every prompt, using the wrong model for simple work, or allowing agents to retry indefinitely, a quota only slows the waste. It does not remove it.

Julius Domingo, Founder and CTO of Yappler, frames the issue more broadly: “The cost of AI not only involves the build, but also the data, process, and infrastructure preparation.”

That is the part many AI return-on-investment calculations still miss. A cheaper model is not always cheaper if it fails more often, requires more retries, or produces output that demands heavier review. A more expensive model may be economical if it completes complex tasks with fewer loops and lower downstream risk.

OpenAI’s Derrick Choi, Head of Codex Applied AI for APAC, makes a similar point in the report, noting that evaluation is shifting from simple token pricing to “how much useful work each dollar of intelligence can deliver.”

For engineering leaders, that means the metric cannot be tokens alone. Oravee Smithiphol, Tech Intelligence and Insights Manager at SCB 10X, the venture arm of Siam Commercial Bank, argues that organisations should assess cost per successful business outcome, weighing spend against code quality, delivery speed, and operational risk.

From AI spend to AI investment

The practical playbook is becoming clearer.

First, companies need to measure AI cost at the pipeline level. Token spend should sit alongside build status, test coverage, and deployment metrics, not in a separate finance spreadsheet reviewed only after the bill arrives.

Second, autonomous loops need termination gates. If an agent cannot fix a test after three attempts, for instance, it should escalate to a human developer rather than continue blindly.

Third, teams should use tiered model selection. Smaller or open-weight models can handle low-risk tasks such as documentation drafts, summarisation, or initial test scaffolding. Frontier models should be reserved for work that requires deeper reasoning, such as architecture decisions, security reviews, or complex debugging.

Also Read: Singapore firms embrace agentic AI, but audit trails remain thin

Finally, governance matters. The report finds that organisations with established AI guidelines show higher production adoption, at 43 per cent compared with 30 per cent, and stronger codebase readiness, at 56 per cent compared with 40 per cent.

The next phase of AI adoption in Southeast Asia will not be defined by who gives developers the biggest token allowance. It will be shaped by who builds the best systems around AI: cleaner context, smarter routing, visible consumption, and clear rules for when machines should stop and humans should step in.

The raw model call may be cheap. Trust is not. For startups hoping to turn AI from an experiment into an operating advantage, that is where the real work begins.

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SMEs adopt AI four times slower than big business, the fix starts with the PC

Talking about artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of Small, Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is no longer a discussion about the future, but about the present. According to IMDA’s latest data, SMEs’ AI adoption rate has more than tripled in just one year: 14.5 per cent of SMEs have adopted AI as compared to 62.5 per cent of non-SMEs. In an environment where efficiency, speed and adaptability define business survival, AI is consolidating itself as a strategic ally for companies that need to do more with less and make better-informed decisions in less time.

SMEs need to leverage the advantage AI brings more than ever. Just as critically, Singapore depends on them to. SMEs are the backbone of the local economy, accounting for over 99 per cent of all enterprises in Singapore. Employing about 70 per cent of the local workforce while also driving nearly half of the Republic’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Singapore’s AI ambitions cannot be realised without addressing this crucial group of businesses.

After all, SMEs operate in high-pressure environments: fewer resources, reduced teams, and the constant need to adapt to volatile markets. In this scenario, technology plays a key enabling role. Unlike large organisations, SMEs have a natural advantage: their agility to adopt new tools without lengthy purchasing processes or rigid structures. Today, that flexibility plays in its favor in the face of an AI that is no longer exclusive to large corporations and has become increasingly accessible.

One of the most relevant developments that SMEs should pay attention to then is the evolution of the PC as an intelligent productivity centre. AI no longer lives solely in the cloud; It can now run directly on the device. This allows you to automate repetitive tasks, optimise workflows, and analyse real-time information to make faster, more informed decisions. Local processing offers concrete benefits: increased speed, operational continuity, even offline, and better data control, a critical aspect for companies that handle sensitive information.

Also Read: Why AI could unbundle the beauty industry

But AI can only unleash its full potential if it has the right technological foundation. Hardware is no longer a secondary element and becomes the foundation on which daily productivity is built. Running AI models, automating processes, or analysing information in real time requires teams that are prepared for those types of workloads. Otherwise, the promise of efficiency is quickly diluted.

At this point, the renewal of the PC must be understood as a strategic decision, it is one lever that, if used effectively, will narrow the AI adoption gap. With AI-capable PCs, SMEs stand to gain from having key barriers like cost, data privacy, and the need for specialised IT staff, reduced. Processors designed for enterprise environments, with built-in AI capabilities, enable SMEs to tackle AI workloads without sacrificing performance or power efficiency, while incorporating security features designed to protect business information. These characteristics are especially relevant in organisations where each team fulfils multiple functions and there is no room for interruptions.

The underlying question is no longer whether it is advisable to invest in technology, but how to do it with a business vision. Buying a PC should not only respond to operational urgency, but to clear criteria: AI capabilities, security, performance and scalability. Each of these factors has a direct impact on the competitiveness and sustainability of the business.

AI is already helping SMEs to speed up processes and improve decision-making from the most everyday place: the PC work. Betting on AI-ready hardware not only generates immediate benefits but also prepares companies to grow with greater agility in an environment where adapting quickly makes a difference.

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The next information advantage is knowing what changed

AI has made it much easier for decision-makers to work with information. A company announcement can be summarised in seconds, a long annual report can be condensed, and a chatbot can help compare competitors or explain an unfamiliar industry. These are useful improvements, but they still solve only part of the information problem.

Most AI tools remain dependent on the user knowing what to ask. If you already know which company, event or issue deserves attention, AI can help you investigate it quickly. The harder problem is often earlier in the process: knowing that something important has changed at all.

This matters because many business developments do not become significant through a single announcement. A company may appoint a new executive, acquire land, increase capital expenditure and enter a new market over the course of several months. Each event may look routine when viewed separately. The pattern only becomes clear when those developments are connected over time.

Traditional search does not solve this particularly well. Search is excellent when the user already has a question in mind, while AI chat is increasingly good at helping users explore that question. But both are generally reactive. They become useful after the user has already decided what to investigate.

For investors, business owners and corporate decision-makers, there is growing value in systems that work one step earlier: continuously organising information and surfacing meaningful changes before the user thinks to search for them. Instead of starting with a blank search box, the system could tell the user that a company has made several related moves, that competitors are changing pricing or capacity, or that a regulatory development may affect a group of companies being monitored.

This is one of the ideas behind platforms such as Scope and Signals. The aim is not to compete with general-purpose AI chat by producing another chatbot. It is to build the information layer around it: collecting relevant corporate and market developments, structuring them over time and making changes easier to detect. Once an important development has been identified, AI can then become much more useful for interpreting the implications, comparing it with historical information and helping the user investigate further.

Also Read: Global expansion is no longer about reducing information costs, it’s about reducing trust costs

The distinction is important because better AI models alone do not guarantee better decisions. An AI model can only reason from the information and context available to it. If it is given one announcement, it can explain that announcement. If it can see a structured history of a company, its competitors, previous transactions and related industry developments, it has a much stronger basis for analysis.

This suggests that the next stage of business information platforms may not be defined simply by faster search or better summaries. Their value may increasingly come from maintaining context and detecting change. The useful system is not only the one that answers a question quickly, but the one that helps the user notice what deserves a question in the first place.

That becomes more important as the volume of information continues to grow. Decision-makers are unlikely to suffer from a lack of documents, news or data. The constraint is attention. Nobody can continuously monitor every filing, announcement, competitor and policy development that might eventually become relevant.

AI can make analysis much faster, but continuous monitoring and structured context solve a different problem. The combination of the two is potentially more useful: first identify what has changed, then use AI to understand why it matters.

In that sense, the next generation of business intelligence may be less about searching more efficiently and more about helping decision-makers know what changed before they think to search for it.

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Editor’s note: e27 aims to foster thought leadership by publishing views from the community. You can also share your perspective by submitting an article, video, podcast, or infographic.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of e27.

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