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The cheap labour era is dead, here’s how SEA companies win now

Let me say something that’s going to make a lot of founders in the region uncomfortable. Your business model is broken.

Not because your product is bad. Not because your market is wrong. But because the single biggest competitive advantage Southeast Asian companies have leaned on for the last three decades — cheap, abundant, human labour — is about to get vaporised. And most of you are still acting like it’s 2015.

The low-cost labour playbook (and why it worked)

SEA companies built empires on a simple arbitrage. A customer support team that costs US$800,000 a year in San Francisco? You could spin up the same headcount in Manila or Kuala Lumpur for a fraction of that. Data entry teams. Finance operations. Back-office processing. Marketing content farms. The whole machine ran on one fuel: human time, sold cheaply.

It worked spectacularly. The Philippine BPO industry alone generated US$38 billion in revenue in 2024, employing 1.82 million full-time workers. And that’s just one country. The sector contributes 7.5 per cent of the Philippines’ GDP, with projections targeting US$59 billion by 2028. Grab, Sea Limited, and Gojek, the regional giants, scaled their operations on the back of massive human workforces doing tasks that Western companies couldn’t afford to staff domestically.

The entire regional tech ecosystem was quietly subsidised by the labour cost delta.

Here’s the thing nobody talks about enough. Most SEA startups weren’t really tech companies. They were logistics companies with an app. They were customer service operations with a website. The “tech” was the front door. The humans were the entire building. That building is now on fire.

Also Read: Managing talent in an economic downturn

What SEA companies need to do

Stop treating AI as a productivity tool and start treating it as a structural redesign of your business.

The companies that win in the next five years aren’t the ones with the biggest teams. They’re the ones with the best systems, the sharpest operators, and the courage to rebuild before the market forces them to.

The cheap labour era was a gift. It funded decades of growth.

That gift is expiring.

The question is whether you’re building the next model — or still riding the last one.

People think AI is a future problem. It’s not. It’s a right now problem that most operators are choosing to ignore because it’s uncomfortable.

Here’s what’s happening in the general tech landscape that should terrify any SEA founder still relying on headcount as a growth lever:

  • Customer Support is being gutted. Not trimmed, gutted. Klarna publicly stated that its AI assistant handled the equivalent work of 700 full-time customer service agents, cutting resolution times from 11 minutes to under 2 minutes. The AI handled two-thirds of all customer service chats in its first month of launch. (Note: Klarna later reversed course and began rehiring human agents after customer satisfaction declined. A reminder that the transition is real, but messy. The displacement happened. The question is the pace, not the direction.)
  • Content and Creative is being commoditised. Job postings for writers dropped 28 per cent in 2025 — a two-year decline accelerating year over year. Over 81 per cent of digital marketers already fear AI will replace content writers, and that fear is turning into a lived reality. The content farm model, hundreds of writers pumping out SEO articles, is structurally broken. AI writes faster, cheaper, and at an acceptable quality for the vast majority of use cases.
  • Data Operations and Finance Processing is being automated at a pace that is genuinely shocking. Data entry clerks face 90 per cent+ automation potential; bookkeepers face 85 per cent. Invoice processing. Reconciliation. Document extraction. These were full departments. They’re now becoming single-person-oversees-a-tool functions.
  • Software QA and Entry-Level Coding is contracting. Entry-level hiring at the 15 biggest tech firms fell 25 per cent from 2023 to 2024. Overall, programmer employment in the US fell 27.5 per cent between 2023 and 2025. Salesforce announced it would stop hiring new software engineers in 2025, citing AI-driven productivity gains. Junior developers who spend their days writing boilerplate, fixing repetitive bugs, or building basic features are finding that AI does their job in a fraction of the time.

This isn’t speculation. In the first six months of 2025 alone, nearly 78,000 tech job losses were directly attributed to AI, roughly 427 layoffs per day.

Also Read: Singapore aims to lead in AI — but where’s the talent?

The roles that survive

Let’s be precise here because blanket panic helps no one.

  • Operators who manage AI systems aren’t going anywhere. They’re becoming more valuable. Someone has to prompt, audit, maintain, and redirect these tools. That skill set is being built right now, and it’s worth investing in.
  • High-context relationship roles are safe. Enterprise sales. Strategic partnerships. Government relations. Key account management. AI doesn’t build trust over dinner. Humans do. If your role requires reading a room, navigating politics, or making someone feel genuinely understood, you’re still essential.
  • Physical and on-ground execution can’t be offshored to a data centre. Field technicians. Last-mile delivery supervisors. Healthcare workers. Tradespeople. Mental health counsellors score 97/100 on AI resistance; surgeons 96/100; electricians 94/100. The jobs that require a body in a specific place are structurally protected (for now).
  • Creative direction and taste-making remain human. Job postings for creative directors, creative managers, and creative producers are holding steady, while execution roles collapse. AI can execute. It cannot set a direction. The person who knows what to make and why it matters still has a seat at the table. The 20 people executing that vision do not.

Looking forward

Stop treating AI as a productivity tool and start treating it as a structural redesign of your business.

The companies that win in the next five years aren’t the ones with the biggest teams. They’re the ones with the best systems, the sharpest operators, and the courage to rebuild before the market forces them to.

The cheap labour era was a gift. It funded decades of growth. That gift is expiring. The question is whether you’re building the next model or still riding the last one.

Editor’s note: e27 aims to foster thought leadership by publishing views from the community. You can also share your perspective by submitting an article, video, podcast, or infographic.

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of e27.

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Nava raises US$22M Series A to build full-stack AI cloud across APAC

Nava co-founders (left to right): Abhijeet Singh, Vamshidhar Reddy, and Abhinav Sinha

Nava, a cloud infrastructure company formerly known as Kluisz, has raised US$22 million in a Series A funding round led by Greenoaks, with participation from RTP Global and Unicorn India Ventures.

The Singapore-headquartered firm is building GPU compute and AI data centre capacity across Asia-Pacific, and the latest raise signals growing investor appetite for purpose-built AI infrastructure in the region.

Alongside the fundraise, the company announced its rebrand from Kluisz to Nava and confirmed that Singapore will serve as its regional headquarters, positioning the firm closer to key Asia-Pacific markets and a wider pool of global talent.

The raise comes against a backdrop of surging demand for AI compute capacity. According to KPMG, data centre capacity across Southeast Asia will need to triple by 2030 to meet projected requirements, with India facing a comparable shortfall. Yet the bulk of existing capacity remains legacy cloud infrastructure, not architected for the intensive demands of modern AI workloads.

Nava is seeking to fill that gap with a vertically integrated, full-stack approach that combines AI-optimised data centres, high-performance GPU compute, AI-native orchestration and inferencing layers, and developer-friendly tooling. The company says this architecture will allow enterprises to build, deploy, and scale AI applications with greater efficiency, reliability, and control.

Also Read: The hidden risk in AI adoption: Unchecked agent privileges

Nava was founded in 2025 by Abhinav Sinha, formerly global chief operating officer and chief product officer at OYO and previously with BCG; Vamshidhar Reddy, a former partner at McKinsey and ex-AMD executive; and Abhijeet Singh, former vice-president of cloud at Jio and an AT&T alumnus. The trio brings a combination of enterprise operations, semiconductor expertise, and large-scale cloud delivery experience to the venture.

Proceeds from the Series A will be deployed across three priorities: building out Nava’s full-stack AI compute platform; expanding and scaling operations across Asia-Pacific; and hiring senior leadership and specialist talent in AI data centre design, GPU engineering, go-to-market functions, and operations.

“What started as an AI-native cloud platform has now evolved into something much larger, where we are building the foundational cloud platform layer for AI in Asia,” said Abhinav Sinha, co-founder and chief executive of Nava.

Madhur Makkar, principal at RTP Global, which led Nava’s previous funding round, described the founding team as having demonstrated “exceptional execution” in a highly complex space in under a year. Bhaskar Majumdar, managing partner at Unicorn India Ventures, pointed to a structural shift under way in which AI is driving demand for compute infrastructure and GPUs, calling Nava a natural fit for the firm’s deep tech investment strategy.

The Series A follows a US$9.6 million seed round that Nava closed under its former Kluisz branding, led by RTP Global with participation from Unicorn India Ventures, Blume Founders Fund, and Climber Capital. The company’s total funding now stands at approximately $31.6 million.

The company says it intends to become the foundational cloud infrastructure layer for AI across the wider Asia-Pacific region.

Image Credit: Nava

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Ecosystem Roundup: The hard truth behind OnMic’s quiet exit

OnMic’s shutdown is less a surprise than a signal. It reflects the harsh reality that not every pandemic-era behaviour translates into a durable business.

Social audio thrived in a moment when people were isolated, experimental, and willing to spend time in live, synchronous conversations. But once normal life resumed, so did user preferences for convenience, speed, and visual engagement.

The deeper lesson is about the gap between traction and sustainability. OnMic appeared to achieve early engagement with Gen Z users and micro-communities, but engagement alone is not a moat. Without a clear monetisation path or strong creator incentives, even loyal communities can dissipate. In a market like Vietnam, where attention is already dominated by platforms like TikTok and YouTube, niche products must work harder to justify their place.

There is also a broader shift at play. Venture capital is no longer funding experimentation at the same pace. Founders are now expected to prove not just that users care, but that the business works. That shift is healthy, but unforgiving.

The story of OnMic, which raised an undisclosed seed round from Touchstone Partners, ultimately reinforces a simple truth: timing can create opportunity, but only strong economics can sustain it.

REGIONAL

OnMic shuts down, exposing the limits of social audio in Vietnam: The Clubhouse-inspired startup launched during COVID-19 on 100% organic growth, but could not survive post-pandemic behavioural shifts, monetisation failures, creator retention costs, and a colder funding climate — a cautionary tale for consumer startups without durable economics.

India is slowing down but Southeast Asia is falling behind faster: India’s funding slowdown reveals resilience, while Southeast Asia faces fragmented markets, weaker exits, and cautious capital, highlighting a growing structural gap in scale, liquidity, and investor confidence.

VinFast bets on EV rentals to crack SEA’s affordability problem: Starting in Greater Jakarta and Metro Manila, the Vietnamese automaker is targeting ride-hailing drivers with daily rental rates from US$17.50, shifting EV adoption from a capital expenditure decision to an operating expense — a strategic move beyond simply opening showrooms.

Gobi Partners backs Transak as stablecoins turn into payment rails: Malaysian VC Gobi’s investment in the global payments infrastructure firm signals a broader conviction: stablecoins are moving beyond crypto trading into cross-border settlement and remittances, with Transak’s compliance-heavy API model serving over 10M users across 600 applications globally.

OnSite raises US$1.3M to fix construction’s WhatsApp problem: Digital inefficiencies cost Singapore’s construction sector over US$860M annually, and the startup tackles this by replacing consumer chat apps with a structured, multilingual communication platform that auto-tags messages by project, location, and timeline for dispute resolution and documentation.

Injewelme raises US$1.2M to scale contactless health screening tech: Led by Temasek Trust’s catalytic vehicle C3H, the Singapore startup uses remote photoplethysmography to measure over 20 vital signs via camera in 30 seconds, achieving 95% accuracy, with expansion targets across healthcare, eldercare, and workforce safety in Southeast Asia.

Muun AI raises US$700K to turn raw machine data into insight: Founded by a Silicon Valley AI veteran, the Singapore startup converts live telemetry into confidence-scored operational insights without requiring historical training data, identifying between 2,800 and 4,200 hours of recoverable inefficiencies in a live Singapore manufacturing deployment.

Stablecoins surge in SEA as remittances and DeFi drive adoption: The Philippines, Indonesia, and Vietnam rank among the world’s top crypto markets, with stablecoins now comprising roughly 30% of regional crypto transactions and annual remittance flows of US$18B-US$40B per market driving practical, everyday demand beyond speculative use.

Vietnam’s CAEX attracts OKX Ventures and HashKey as crypto rules near: Backed by VPBank Securities, CAEX is raising its capital to 10 trillion dong (US$380M), the minimum required to join Vietnam’s government crypto pilot, as the country’s Digital Technology Industry Law formalises licensing, user verification, and transaction monitoring requirements.

Pony.ai launches robotaxi passenger services in Singapore’s Punggol: In partnership with ComfortDelGro, the Chinese autonomous vehicle firm operates a 12-kilometre pilot route linking housing estates, malls, and public transport hubs, part of a global plan to deploy over 3,000 robotaxis across 20-plus cities this year.

Steam apologises for wrong game ratings shown to Indonesian users: Valve attributed the error to a “technical bug and miscommunication” that briefly displayed inaccurate IGRS age ratings between April 2-5, prompting a commitment to fully implement Indonesia’s official game classification system amid the country’s broader digital content regulation push.

Aspire takes its Southeast Asia fintech stack to the US market: Operating at breakeven since its US$100M Series C and growing 50% year-on-year, Singapore’s Aspire is launching corporate cards and finance tools for cross-border startups in America, partnering with Deel, Stripe, Mastercard, and Plaid to compete against Ramp, Brex, and Mercury.


INTERVIEWS & FEATURES

Hasan VC uses AI to sharpen due diligence while staying ethical: Managing Partner Umar Munshi says the firm embeds AI across analyst workflows to evaluate startups faster, but balances automation with human judgement, screening all investments through AAOIFI Shariah principles and flagging AI-washing among founders who exaggerate their use of the technology.

BDx CEO warns SEA risks data colonisation without sovereign AI push: Mayank Srivastava argues that if data is consistently processed outside the region, economic and strategic value accumulates elsewhere and that SEA telcos must plan coordinated data centre capacity across Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam well ahead of surging AI-driven demand.


INTERNATIONAL

SpaceX posts nearly US$5B loss in 2025 after acquiring xAI: The loss follows SpaceX’s absorption of Elon Musk’s AI startup xAI in February, despite revenues exceeding US$18.5B. The company has since confidentially filed for a US listing and was previously valued at over US$1.75T before the xAI integration weighed on its financials.

China EV exports hit record 349,000 units in March on fuel price surge: Higher oil prices linked to the Iran conflict boosted overseas demand, with BYD alone accounting for roughly a third of shipments even as domestic EV and hybrid sales fell 14% for a third consecutive month, with BYD’s home market sales dropping over 40%.

China rolls out policies to accelerate space computing capabilities: Beijing’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is funding R&D in radiation-resistant chips and inter-satellite laser links, establishing a new coordination committee for onboard AI chips, thermal control, and space-based photovoltaics as it competes with the US, Russia, and Japan in orbital computing.

Florida probes OpenAI over national security and child safety risks: The state attorney general’s office is examining ChatGPT for risks tied to foreign access to user data, potential criminal misuse, and interactions with children, adding to similar concerns raised by California and Delaware attorneys general in a September 2025 letter to the company.

Google expands Intel partnership for AI data centre workloads: Intel’s Xeon 6 chips will power AI training and inference workloads across Google’s data centres under an expanded deal, with both companies also continuing joint work on infrastructure processing units even as Google develops its own TPU AI chips and Arm-based Axion CPUs in parallel.


CYBERSECURITY

AI agents are already inside enterprise systems, but who controls them: Gravitee’s report finds 71% of large enterprises have deployed AI agents with direct access to core business systems, yet only 16% govern that access effectively, a critical vulnerability for SEA’s API-heavy digital economy of banks, super apps, and logistics platforms.

The hidden risk in AI adoption: Unchecked agent privileges: Gravitee’s governance gap report reveals that fewer than 22% of enterprises treat AI agents as first-class security identities, while 86% enforce no access policies for AI identities at all, leaving Southeast Asia’s sprawling, API-driven businesses dangerously exposed to invisible privilege accumulation.

It’s not the chatbot but the access: Why AI agents are the real threat: 75% of organisations have already discovered unsanctioned AI tools operating in their environments, yet only 14.4% have achieved full IT security approval for their agent fleets, a shadow AI epidemic amplified by SEA’s startup culture of speed, improvisation, and distributed decision-making.


SEMICONDUCTOR

SK hynix ramps up M15X fab for HBM4 and server memory output: The South Korean chipmaker plans to scale monthly wafer input from 10,000 units currently to as many as 80,000 by next year, with M15X, a US$13.6B EUV-equipped expansion, expected to lift total DRAM wafer capacity by 10-15% ahead of its Yongin fab coming online.

Nvidia’s Rubin AI chip faces delays as HBM4 validation issues persist: TrendForce has cut Rubin’s share of Nvidia’s high-end GPU mix to 22% from 29% while raising Blackwell’s share to 71%, with Nvidia reportedly trimming Rubin production targets to 1.5M units from 2M, a shift that directly threatens South Korean suppliers Samsung Electronics and SK hynix.

Asian chip stocks surge on US-Iran ceasefire and helium supply relief: TSMC, Samsung Electronics, and SK hynix posted sharp gains after the conditional ceasefire reopened the Strait of Hormuz, easing weeks of concern that attacks on Qatari industrial sites had severely constrained the global helium supplies essential for semiconductor fabrication and testing processes.


AI

What NVIDIA GTC 2026 reveals about the future of embodied AI: The conference signalled a decisive shift from cloud-based AI models to physical, voice-native machines, with platforms like Reachy Mini, NVIDIA Jetson, and Seeed Studio’s reSpeaker converging to create always-on, real-time AI systems that can listen, reason, and respond without screen or keyboard interfaces.

Conversational AI is reshaping banking across Southeast Asia: From DBS’s virtual assistants to Vietnam’s Sacombank, which increased call-handling capacity by over 58% using AI voice agents managing up to 41,000 daily calls, financial institutions across the region are deploying AI-driven interaction systems to scale multilingual customer engagement cost-effectively.

Why the future of AI on mobile may not be in the cloud: Advances in on-device models like LLaMA, Phi-2, and Gemma bring computation to the edge, but without local access to real-time data, the model remains blind, making offline-first design, bidirectional sync, and latency-free data access the true infrastructure challenge unlocking mobile AI’s full potential.

Data minimisation vs AI context maximisation: A design conflict: AI systems improve when they ingest more data, but privacy regimes demand the opposite, creating a structural tension that teams rarely resolve because performance gains are measurable while privacy degradation is invisible until it isn’t. The practical answer is context precision: right data, right task, bounded duration.

What big tech won’t show you about the future of AI: While large incumbents fine-tune models, focused AI startups like Quickfind AI and Fluency AI are already deploying practical, scalable tools that solve real business problems, from automating compliance to generating brand-safe visuals, making the case that AI’s next chapter is being written at the edges, not the centre.

Bitcoin holds above US$70K as the US$2.44T crypto rally broadens: With the Fear and Greed Index at a neutral 45 and ETF outflows cooling, Bitcoin’s stability above US$70K enabled capital to rotate confidently into altcoins, with RaveDAO surging 235.4% and Alaya Governance Token climbing 94.5%, fuelled by derivatives activity and social media momentum.

Why institutional money isn’t saving crypto from this sell-off: Despite Wall Street’s best day since April 2025, the crypto market fell 1.42% to US$2.41T as traders unwound leveraged positions rather than joining the rally, with the Altcoin Season Index plunging 12.82% and Morgan Stanley’s spot Bitcoin ETF drawing only US$34M in day-one inflows.

War pause, market gain: Why geopolitical hope isn’t enough to sustain this rally: The US-Iran ceasefire lifted equities but crypto dipped, with the market’s near-term trajectory hinging on Bitcoin holding above the US$2.39T Fibonacci support level, while the SEC’s April 16 CLARITY Act roundtable looms as the most consequential near-term regulatory catalyst for digital assets.


THOUGHT LEADERSHIP

Board diversity 2.0: The strategic advantage Asian boards underestimate: Gender representation has improved, but digital literacy, generational diversity, and cognitive variety remain dangerously underdeveloped across Asian boards, with research showing cognitively diverse boards outperform homogeneous peers by 20-30% in crisis navigation, making diversity a competitive imperative, not a compliance exercise.

Secondary sales in SEA: The liquidity lifeline when exits are scarce: With full exits still limited across the region, secondary share transactions offer early investors partial liquidity, but introduce complex legal challenges around liability gaps, transfer restrictions, tag-along rights, governance updates, and share-class reclassification that require careful structuring to protect all parties.

Networking was the topic; alignment was the outcome: The real problem isn’t how people network, it’s where they do it. When shared goals are built into the room itself, transactional friction disappears, conversations deepen faster, follow-ups happen naturally, and collaborations emerge organically, shifting networking from deliberate effort into momentum.

AI agents are outpacing security: the crisis hiding in plain sight: Gravitee’s research shows 92% of organisations lack full visibility into their AI identities, while 95% doubt they could contain misuse if it occurred — making the governance gap less a compliance problem and more an operational power risk that SEA enterprises racing toward AI adoption cannot afford to ignore.

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From policy to capital: How development banks are driving the climate x health agenda

The investment landscape for climate x health is being fundamentally shaped by the evolving capital architecture, particularly the proactive role of multilateral development banks (MDBs) and development finance institutions (DFIs).

Their impact extends beyond direct financing; they focus on policy alignment, de-risking mechanisms, and building ecosystems ready to absorb private capital.

These findings were released by the ‘Unlocking Capital For Climate x Health: The Investment Landscape in Asia’ report, prepared by AVPN and Prudence Foundation, in partnership with Catalyst Management Services (CMS).

Also Read: Asia’s climate-health crisis deepens amid massive funding gaps

Major commitments include:

  • Asian Development Bank (ADB): Targets US$100 billion in climate finance by 2030. Its Innovative Finance Facility for Climate in Asia and the Pacific (IFCAP) lowers risk by attracting private capital for adaptation solutions, such as resilient infrastructure and cooling technologies.
  • World Bank Group: Requires at least 35 per cent of its lending to be climate-aligned, with approximately 60 per cent of its US$30 billion health portfolio supporting adaptation measures.
  • Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): Pledged US$50 billion for climate by 2030, integrating health co-benefits such as reliable power and clean water into its loans.

New collaborative platforms, such as the World Bank/ADB Development Bank Working Group for Climate-Health Finance, are crucial for standardising metrics and aligning financing tools specifically for health-focused adaptation.

The catalytic role of philanthropy

Philanthropic actors play an indispensable role in early-stage ecosystem building, often taking on the high-risk, upstream infrastructure development that commercial capital avoids.

Examples include:

  • Gates Foundation: Commits US$300 million to climate x health initiatives in Asia, focusing on adaptive agriculture and infectious disease.
  • Temasek Trust: Through its Catalytic Capital for Climate and Health (C3H) initiative, it helps de-risk innovation and convenes cross-sector actors. The Temasek-backed ABC Impact fund raised US$600 million for Asia-focused healthcare and climate investments.
  • Wellcome Trust and Rockefeller Foundation: Fund innovation in data systems and disease surveillance. They have also partnered with IFC to advance distributed renewable energy solutions for health facilities.

Also Read: Billions lost to heat: Urgent investment needed to cool Asia’s overheating economies

However, donor and philanthropic capital are often directed towards public goods, leaving early-stage ventures in the US$1 million to US$10 million range underserved. This gap highlights the need for blended approaches that coordinate DFIs, philanthropies, and private investors in ‘aligned capital stacks’ to support the full growth arc of climate x health solutions. The goal is to turn today’s challenges into tomorrow’s opportunities by accelerating the flow of capital toward this critical nexus.

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Turning crisis into capital: Indonesia’s climate x health pivot gains global attention

The ‘Unlocking Capital For Climate x Health: The Investment Landscape in Asia’ study finds that Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelago nation, faces critical climate x health risks, including severe air pollution. As a result, the sea level will rise, affecting 42 million people by 2050 and extending disease outbreaks.

Also Read: India and Indonesia emerge as Asia’s power anchors for climate x health investment

The economic toll is already high, with US$21.7 billion in labour income lost in 2023 due to heat stress. Furthermore, Indonesia experiences frequent disasters, with over 300 since 1990, resulting in US$16.8 billion in economic losses. In response, the country demonstrates early traction and rising policy alignment, particularly by integrating health into its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC).

Blended finance and institutional enablers

The Indonesian market stands out for its effective use of blended finance platforms:

  • SDG Indonesia One (PT-SMI): This platform has successfully mobilised over US$3 billion towards health and climate goals, positioning it as a key institutional enabler.
  • MDB investment: The country is backed by a US$4 billion health reform investment from a consortium of MDBs (WB-ADB-AIIB-IsDB).
  • National mandates: The country has introduced the Indonesia Cooling Action Plan (ICAP 2024) and the Health Resilience “Prima” framework to improve thermal comfort.

These institutional structures create a favourable environment for capital deployment. DFI guarantees and concessional debt are used actively to derisk early pilots, allowing successful solutions to refinance into local financial instruments.

Investable solutions and system strengthening

Investment focus areas are centred on adaptation and systemic resilience:
Resilient housing: Solutions like Build Change’s Incremental Climate Adaptation Loan (ICAL) leverage microfinance to retrofit homes against flooding and heat, demonstrating strong adoption among women-led households.

Digital diagnostics and surveillance: Deal flow includes digital diagnostics targeting vector-borne diseases like dengue and malaria, and smart-trap vector analytics.

Also Read: Billions lost to heat: Urgent investment needed to cool Asia’s overheating economies

Cold chain and cooling: The need for climate-adapted cooling solutions for clinics and cold chains is high, aligning with the new ICAP policy.

Indonesia’s relevance lies in its high exposure to risk combined with its increasing policy and financial maturity to attract, absorb, and scale capital, making it a critical market for Southeast Asian investors.

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