A significant step towards achieving environmental and economic sustainability is Pakistan’s recent decision to implement a carbon market policy. The new Carbon Market Policy Guidelines make it possible for startups and small-to-medium businesses (SMEs) to actively engage in carbon trading and green investments, although climate action has historically been portrayed as a government and corporate-level endeavour.

The focus now is on how small businesses can use carbon markets to boost growth, draw in investment, and obtain a competitive advantage in a world economy that is changing quickly, rather than whether they should pursue sustainability.

Monetising carbon reduction

For years sustainability has been seen as a CSR activity that is optional rather than a factor in the economy, but today, it is seen from a different lens. Due to be providing financial incentives for reducing emissions, the carbon market allows businesses to make money off of their environmental initiatives.

Pakistan’s regulation permits companies to sell carbon credits to purchasers worldwide, by international carbon trading processes. As global markets increasingly require low-carbon supply chains, this offers startups and SMEs the chance to make sustainability a revenue-generating strategy.

Trading carbon has enormous economic possibilities. Businesses that cut emissions, whether by adopting clean technology, reducing waste, or improving energy efficiency, can produce carbon credits that can be sold to multinational firms wishing to offset their own emissions. This results in a new asset class for companies to trade in addition to helping the environment. There is an increasing need for high-quality carbon credits, particularly from developing countries like Pakistan, since many rich economies have stringent carbon rules.

This shift allows the small enterprises to establish themselves as climate leaders by acting as proactive contributors to the global carbon economy.

Understanding Pakistan’s carbon market framework

The new carbon market strategy offers a well-defined structure to help with this shift. Businesses are able to participate at various levels thanks to the establishment of both voluntary and compliance carbon markets. Through the voluntary carbon market, businesses can create and offer carbon credits that are based on reductions in emissions.

Pakistan’s national and corporate climate goals will be fulfilled in the meanwhile thanks to the compliance market, which is still in its infancy. For companies looking to trade abroad, Pakistan’s carbon credits must be internationally recognised, which is ensured by the policy’s alignment with Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. 

Also Read: How to scale voluntary carbon markets with DeFi and Web3

Startups and SMEs: Where do they fit in?

Many businesses today run with sustainable practices such using renewable energy, reducing waste, or changing energy-efficient manufacturing procedures. However, they may be aware of these initiatives which could qualify to create carbon credits

But startups in sustainable packaging, green energy, and clean technology, as well as in green technologies, have a unique advantage because of government support of vital sectors such as agriculture, waste management, energy, and forestry.

By striving for sustainability, Pakistan’s private sector is already showing how businesses may implement carbon reduction into their operations. TPL Corp spokesman highlighted their efforts: “Our work on the Mangrove Biodiversity Park, in collaboration with the Sindh Forest Department, is an example of how businesses can contribute to carbon sequestration while protecting coastal ecosystems.”

This lays a framework for more companies to participate in carbon reduction projects, acting as a model for future enterprises and SMEs hoping to join the market, the private sector will keep becoming more important in developing Pakistan’s carbon market.

Government’s role in green investment

The government also recognises the potential of carbon markets in driving green investment. Aisha Moriani, Secretary, Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination, emphasised the importance of integrating businesses into this transition.

“Through this policy, we aim to accelerate clean technology deployment and attract investments in key sectors, including energy, agriculture, waste management, and forestry. Startups and SMEs have a crucial role to play in ensuring that carbon markets drive real, verifiable reductions while generating economic and social co-benefits,” she stated. 

Challenges

Despite the opportunities, startups and SMEs face significant challenges entering Pakistan’s carbon market. The high initial investment required for emission reduction projects and certification is a significant barrier, as smaller businesses lack the financial resources of larger corporations. Government incentives, grants, and partnerships, such as Pakistan’s Climate Change Fund, could help to reduce these barriers.

Awareness and education gaps further limit participation, as many businesses are unfamiliar with carbon trading regulations and processes. The Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination must implement training programs to provide SMEs with the necessary knowledge and tools.

Also Read: 5 smart ways to decarbonise supply chains and logistics with AI

Furthermore, complicated regulatory procedures remain a challenge. Prior to verification, businesses must go through several approval stages, including obtaining a Project Idea Note (PIN), Letter of Intent (LOI), and Project Design Document (PDD). Streamlining these processes could encourage more small and medium-sized enterprises to participate, making carbon trading more accessible to those outside of large corporations.

Opportunities

Since many governments tax high-carbon imports, carbon market participation might affect Pakistani enterprises moving abroad. Exporters risk trade restrictions without carbon reduction initiatives. Early adoption helps SMEs meet global sustainability criteria and attract foreign buyers.

With the help of grants and funding from USAID, the World Bank, and UN Environment Program, carbon-related investment opportunities are rising. Successful policy modification and implementation require financial incentives, training, and efficient processes. Thee corporate-startup partnerships could further speed carbon reduction, benefiting businesses and the environment.

A transformational opportunity for SMEs

Ultimately, Pakistan’s involvement in the world carbon market offers an opportunity for economic growth as well as an environmental one. Businesses, including sustainability into their strategies will have a big advantage as the world moves to low-carbon economies. Startups and SMEs who see the promise of carbon markets now will be more suited to receive funding, draw worldwide customers, and create strong business models that will survive in a future where sustainability is a need rather than a choice.

It may completely rethink how companies develop and compete in a climate-friendly world if properly utilised.

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Singapore- and Australia-based Cortical Labs, which develops a new class of artificial intelligence using human neurons, has launched the CL1, the world’s first commercial biological computer, at the Mobile World Congress in Barcelona.

This innovative technology fuses lab-cultivated neurons from human stem cells with hard silicon to create Synthetic Biological Intelligence (SBI), a more advanced and sustainable form of AI.

The CL1 presents vast opportunities in medical sciences and the technology sector. It aims to enhance drug discovery and testing, improve personalised medicine, and aid in early disease detection.

The CL1 can grow, adapt, and learn faster than purely silicon-based AI while consuming less energy. This could lead to greater automation, reduced energy consumption, and advancements beyond today’s Large Language Models (LLMs), offering new possibilities for autonomy in fields such as robotics.

Also Read: Cortical Labs, the startup behind DishBrain, closes US$10M financing round

Dr Hon Weng Chong, founder and CEO of Cortical Labs, stated that the CL1 is the culmination of a six-year vision to democratise this technology, making it accessible to researchers without specialised hardware and software.

Key features of the CL1:

• Available individually or in racks containing 30 units, each rack requires only 850  to 1,000 watts of energy.
• Fully programmable bi-directional stimulation and read interface, tailored for neural communication and network learning.
• An integrated system providing a perpetual embodiment of neural cultures within a custom perfusion life support system.
• Integrated development environment for rapid experimental iteration and applications.
  Python API for simple, real-time applications, giving the user full control.
• Touchscreen enabled to visualise system status, view live data, or run pre-packaged assays.
• Contained unit that does not require an external computer to operate; all recordings, applications, and life support are on the device.

Units and racks of the CL1 will be manufactured to order and shipped to specialised laboratories and facilities with cell-growing capabilities before the end of Q2. Cortical Labs also offers wetware-as-a-service (WaaS), enabling remote access to cultivated cells via the cloud for application development.

In 2022, Cortical Labs’s neurons learned to play Pong, demonstrating synthetic biological intelligence through rapid learning and goal-directed behaviour when embedded in a simulated game environment. The neurons physically grow across a silicon chip with pins that send and receive electrical impulses, creating a high-bandwidth connection between an organic neural network and a digital world. The Biological Intelligence Operating System (biOS) constructs their reality by sending information via electrical signals and converting neuron activity into actions.

In April 2023, Cortical Labs closed a US$10 million financing round led by Hong Kong-based Horizons Ventures. The round also saw participation from LifeX Ventures, Blackbird Ventures, In-Q-Tel, and Radar Ventures.

 

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The question at hand—analysing the retreat of global risk sentiment amid soft US economic data, tariff threats, and shifting dynamics in digital asset markets—offers a fascinating lens into the interconnectedness of today’s economic landscape. Below, I’ll provide my detailed take on these events, weaving together the facts, data, and my own perspective, dissecting the ebb and flow of markets and policy decisions.

Let’s start with the US economic data, which has undeniably cast a shadow over global risk sentiment. The latest ISM manufacturing index figures were a mixed bag, but the overriding tone was one of disappointment. The headline index underwhelmed market expectations, signalling a slowdown in manufacturing activity—a critical pillar of the US economy.

Even more concerning were the sub-indices: employment and new orders, both vital indicators of future growth, slipped unexpectedly into contraction territory. This wasn’t just a minor blip; it hinted at deeper structural challenges, potentially exacerbated by uncertainty over trade policies.

Meanwhile, the prices index surged, a move that caught many off guard. This spike aligns with growing fears about inflationary pressures tied to President Donald Trump’s tariff rhetoric. When you consider that tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China could raise input costs for manufacturers, it’s no surprise that the prices index is flashing warning signs. My view here is that the US economy is at a crossroads—softening activity paired with rising costs could squeeze profit margins and dampen business confidence further, especially if trade tensions escalate.

The market reaction to this data, compounded by Trump’s tariff announcements, was swift and brutal. Stocks sank to session lows, with the MSCI US index posting its worst day of the year so far, down 1.8 per cent. Sector-specific declines were even more pronounced—Energy, Information Technology, and Consumer Discretionary took the hardest hits, dropping 3.5 per cent, 3.5 per cent, and 2.3 per cent, respectively.

This wasn’t random; these sectors are particularly exposed to trade disruptions. Energy firms, for instance, rely on stable commodity flows, while tech and consumer discretionary companies often depend on global supply chains that could be upended by tariffs. Trump’s declaration that there’s “no room left” to negotiate a halt to the 25 per cent tariffs on Canada and Mexico, alongside an additional 10 per cent levy on Chinese goods, sent a clear message: he’s doubling down on protectionism.

From my perspective, this stance risks igniting a broader trade war, one that could reverberate beyond US borders. Canada and Mexico, key trading partners under the USMCA, might retaliate, while China’s response could further complicate an already fragile global trade environment. The immediate market sell-off reflects this fear, but I suspect the longer-term impact—on growth, inflation, and investor confidence—could be even more profound.

Also Read: Global markets steady as PCE data softens, Trump names Bitcoin in strategic reserve

Turning to the bond market, we saw a flight to safety that pushed Treasury yields lower. The benchmark 10-year Treasury yield slid more than 6 basis points to 4.16 per cent, while the 2-year yield dipped about 4 basis points to 3.96 per cent. This drop suggests investors are seeking refuge amid the uncertainty, betting that weaker economic data and trade risks might force the Federal Reserve to reconsider its rate path.

Personally, I think this yield movement also reflects a growing disconnect between market expectations and Fed rhetoric. The Fed has signalled a cautious approach to rate cuts, but if manufacturing continues to falter and tariffs stoke inflation, we could see a tricky balancing act ahead—supporting growth without letting price pressures spiral out of control.

The US Dollar Index, meanwhile, slipped 0.8 per cent, a move I attribute to both the softening data and a broader risk-off mood. A weaker dollar, however, provided a tailwind for gold, which rose 1.2per cent after hitting a three-week low in the prior session. Gold’s resurgence as a safe-haven asset makes sense here; with trade wars looming and economic signals faltering, investors are hedging their bets. I’ve always viewed gold as a barometer of fear, and its uptick tells me that unease is simmering beneath the surface.

Commodities offered another angle on this story, with Brent crude plunging 2.1 per cent after OPEC+ confirmed plans to ramp up production starting in April. This decision defied earlier expectations of a delay, adding downward pressure on oil prices already rattled by tariff concerns.

From my standpoint, OPEC+’s move is a calculated gamble—boosting supply could stabilise markets in the short term, but if global demand weakens due to trade disruptions, they might overshoot. Energy stocks, already reeling from the MSCI US decline, felt this sting acutely. It’s a reminder that even as US-centric policies dominate headlines, global players like OPEC+ retain significant sway over market dynamics.

Across the Atlantic, Europe presented a contrasting picture. Equity indices closed near session highs, buoyed by gains in defense stocks as hopes of increased military spending grew. This optimism ties into the fragile geopolitical landscape, particularly Trump’s decision to pause US military aid to Ukraine—a move that followed a contentious Oval Office meeting. I see this as a pivotal shift; with US support waning, European nations may feel compelled to bolster their own defenses, especially amid ongoing tensions with Russia.

Also Read: Global markets on edge: Trade wars, tariffs, and crypto chaos in focus

On the economic front, Eurozone inflation eased to 2.4 per cent year-over-year in February, down from 2.5 per cent in January, slightly above consensus forecasts. This modest cooling keeps the European Central Bank (ECB) on track for a rate cut at its upcoming meeting, a view shared by most market participants.

I’d argue this is a sensible move—Europe’s economy needs stimulus to offset external pressures, including potential fallout from US tariffs. The brighter equity performance in Europe, against the US’s gloom, underscores how regional dynamics can diverge even in a globally linked market.

Then there’s the wild card: digital assets. The euphoria surrounding Trump’s March 2 announcement of a strategic crypto reserve—featuring Bitcoin, Ether, XRP, SOL, and ADA—quickly gave way to skepticism by March 3. Initially, the news sparked a rally, with cryptocurrencies rebounding from their worst month since 2022 (the Bloomberg Galaxy Crypto Index had slumped nearly 28 per cent in February).

Trump’s inclusion of lesser-known tokens like XRP, SOL, and ADA alongside heavyweights Bitcoin and Ether was bold, even visionary to some. It suggested a US government embrace of digital assets as a strategic asset class, potentially legitimising crypto in ways unseen before. But as the day wore on, doubts crept in. Investors began questioning the feasibility and merits of holding such a diverse basket, especially as tariff news soured risk sentiment.

By late afternoon in New York, most of the prior day’s gains evaporated, with the Nasdaq 100 Index—tech-heavy and crypto-correlated—dropping over 2 per cent. My take? The crypto reserve idea is intriguing, but its timing couldn’t be worse. With tariffs threatening economic stability, the appetite for speculative assets like crypto wanes. I suspect this volatility reflects a broader tension: crypto’s promise as a hedge or store of value versus its sensitivity to macroeconomic shocks.

Stepping back, the global risk sentiment retreat feels like a confluence of self-inflicted wounds and external shocks. The US’s soft data patch—evident in the ISM figures—signals a domestic slowdown that tariffs could exacerbate. Trump’s hardline trade stance, while politically resonant, risks alienating allies and inflating costs at a delicate moment. Europe’s relative resilience offers some hope, but it’s tempered by geopolitical fragility, notably around Ukraine.

And in the digital realm, crypto’s rollercoaster ride mirrors the broader uncertainty. Asian markets, opening lower, and US futures, hinting at a rebound, suggest we’re in for more choppiness. As a journalist, I’d say this moment demands vigilance—markets are pricing in risks, but the full fallout of these policies remains unclear. If Trump’s tariffs stick, we could see a prolonged drag on growth; if they falter under pressure, sentiment might recover.

For now, I’m watching the Fed, the ECB, and the crypto space closely—each holds a piece of this intricate puzzle.

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For decades, sari-sari stores have been an integral part of Filipino communities, serving as go-to outlets for daily essentials. However, these small businesses often face economic difficulties, limited financial access, and operational inefficiencies. Recognising these challenges, Packworks, a Philippine-based startup, has developed a business-to-business (B2B) platform designed to digitise and streamline sari-sari store operations.

Founded in 2018 by Bing Tan, Ibba Bernardo, and Hubert Yap, Packworks emerged from the founders’ firsthand observations of the difficulties faced by small store owners in remote areas. Initially designed to serve a handful of multinational companies’ sari-sari store partners, the platform has since evolved into a nationwide solution that connects small businesses with brands, wholesalers, and financial institutions.

Before adopting digital tools, sari-sari store owners relied on manual methods for inventory management, sales tracking, and sourcing products. They often purchased stock from supermarkets and wholesalers, incurring high operational costs due to fuel expenses and retail markups.

“At Packworks, we identified these challenges and developed a digital solution to help these businesses operate with maximum gain, greater security, and access to goods and financial services,” said the company. “By connecting sari-sari store owners directly with brands and retailers, we offer them access to a variety of cheaper goods compared to supermarkets or grocery stores.”

Moreover, Packworks collaborates with financial institutions to provide microloans to store owners, helping them manage cash flow and withstand market pressures. With a network of over 300,000 sari-sari stores, the platform serves as a bridge between grassroots entrepreneurs and essential financial services.

Also Read: How soonicorn GrowSari plans to expand its reach to 300K sari-sari stores in Philippines

The adoption of digital tools has transformed the operations of many sari-sari stores. According to Packworks, larger stores that partnered with the platform have seen sales growth of between 34 and 51 per cent.

“One of the innovative initiatives we implemented was deploying Starlink connectivity in partnership with Help.NGO, AWS, and Starlink,” the company explained. “By providing these sari-sari stores with internet access, they were able to fully utilise the Packworks app, significantly optimising their operations. Additionally, offering free Wi-Fi to customers created a community hub that led to a 50 per cent increase in transactions.”

Beyond operational efficiencies, connectivity has enabled these businesses to become digital hubs, offering essential services to local communities. While the technology is crucial during natural disasters, it also plays a vital role in day-to-day commerce, allowing store owners to adapt and thrive in an increasingly digital economy.

The unique traits of sari-sari store owners

Sari-sari store owners display distinct entrepreneurial behaviours as they transition to digital platforms. Packworks has observed that these micro-entrepreneurs maintain a strong community-centric approach. Many extend informal credit to regular customers, reinforcing the communal bond that ties their business success to the well-being of their neighbourhoods.

Additionally, sari-sari store owners are highly adaptable and strategic in sourcing products. “They consistently compare prices across wholesalers, supermarkets, and digital platforms to ensure they get the best deals,” the company noted. “They are also highly adaptable, evolving their product offerings based on community needs and competitive trends.”

Unlike traditional retailers, these store owners prioritise long-term partnerships over transactional relationships. Packworks aims to support this mindset by positioning itself as a strategic partner rather than just a service provider.

Peer influence plays a crucial role in encouraging sari-sari store owners to embrace digital tools. As digital transactions become more prevalent, more store owners are shifting towards online banking, digital payments, and inventory management solutions.

“Sari-sari stores have long adapted to meet the needs of their communities,” Packworks said. “With digitisation, store owners gain a deeper understanding of their customers, respond to evolving market needs, and maintain their role as vital social hubs.”

Also Read: Promoting digital payments in the Philippines: Why last-mile communities are key

Looking ahead

Packworks continues to develop new features to further empower sari-sari store owners. Among the upcoming initiatives are expanding internet access to remote stores, enabling better operations and community engagement; deploying digital LCD signs that display targeted promotions based on sales data, allowing FMCG brands to run targeted deals through sari-sari stores, and using a research grant from the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to develop AI-powered insights for sales trends and inventory management.

Packworks envisions transforming sari-sari stores into digital hubs that not only sustain small businesses but also bring essential services closer to communities. By leveraging technology, it aims to ensure that micro-retailers remain competitive, resilient, and well-integrated into the evolving digital economy.

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Image Credit: Packworks

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As artificial intelligence (AI) adoption accelerates, companies across the Asia Pacific (APAC) face increasing regulatory scrutiny.

A new report highlights that 77 per cent of businesses are already subject to AI-related regulations or expect to be within five years. Additionally, 90 per cent anticipate compliance obligations related to AI-adjacent laws, including cybersecurity, data protection, and consumer rights.

Also Read: Why Generative AI requires a paradigm shift in technology and culture

Governments across APAC are responding swiftly. Singapore, a leader in artificial intelligence governance, has introduced multiple initiatives, including AI Verify, the Model AI Governance Framework for Generative AI, and Safety Guidelines for Model and App Developers.

India has taken steps with the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 and an AI regulatory sandbox. Australia is proposing mandatory guardrails for high-risk AI applications, while Saudi Arabia has rolled out AI ethics guidelines and generative AI regulations.

South Korea took a significant step in 2023 by introducing an AI liability law, setting a precedent for how businesses must manage AI risks.

Other countries, including China and Brazil, are also refining intellectual property and copyright laws to account for artificial intelligence-generated content.

Businesses struggle with AI risks despite revenue potential

While business leaders acknowledge the value of responsible AI, many remain unprepared to manage its risks effectively. Research suggests that companies pioneering responsible artificial intelligence could see an 18 per cent increase in AI-related revenue, yet most organisations lack comprehensive risk mitigation strategies.

One of the biggest challenges is underestimating the scale of artificial intelligence risks and the regulatory landscape’s complexity. Without robust compliance frameworks, companies risk falling behind as governments ramp up enforcement efforts.

“Organisations that fail to implement responsible artificial intelligence governance will struggle to scale AI innovation while meeting regulatory expectations,” the report warns.

The road to responsible AI leadership

To navigate the evolving AI landscape, businesses must adopt a proactive approach to responsible AI. Experts outline five key priorities for organisations aiming to mitigate risks while driving innovation:

• Establish AI governance and principles: Develop clear policies, guidelines, and controls to ensure artificial intelligence is deployed ethically.
• Conduct AI risk assessments: Systematically evaluate and categorise risks across artificial intelligence use cases.
• Enable responsible AI testing: Integrate third-party tools and services for continuous risk assessment.
• Implement ongoing monitoring and compliance: Build dedicated artificial intelligence compliance teams to oversee model performance and ethics.
• Address workforce impact, privacy, and security: Ensure employees have the right skills to manage AI responsibly while safeguarding data and consumer rights.

APAC’s AI future: Balancing innovation and regulation

As AI regulations evolve, businesses must align artificial intelligence strategies with compliance mandates to maintain a competitive edge. Industry pioneers already place responsible AI at the core of their digital transformation, ensuring risk mitigation is a strategic advantage rather than a regulatory burden.

Also Read: How are the companies you invest in leveraging AI?

By embracing responsible AI, APAC companies can turn regulatory pressure into business value, positioning themselves for sustainable growth in the AI-driven economy.

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AI and digital transformation are redefining the global economic landscape, and Southeast Asia is no exception. With a young population and one of the fastest technology adoption rates in the world, several industries are undergoing major changes. But which industries are experiencing the most profound shifts, and how does the mass adoption of AI impact the local workforce

Manufacturing and automation

Southeast Asia, particularly countries like Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam, is a global manufacturing hub. The rise of automation and Industry 4.0 is significantly disrupting this sector.

• The electronics industry in Vietnam: Companies such as Samsung and Foxconn have heavily invested in the robotisation of their assembly lines. The result: increased productivity but also a reduced demand for low-skilled labour. Therefore, many workers must retrain for roles in machine maintenance or automated supply chain management.
• AI impact – Predictive maintenance and quality control: Artificial intelligence can predict failures before they occur, reducing production interruptions. AI-assisted vision systems also improve quality control, minimising the need for human inspections. For example, Siemens already uses AI solutions to analyse the performance of industrial equipment in real-time.

E-commerce and digital services

With the rise of e-commerce and digital payments, the retail industry is undergoing a major transformation. Companies like Lazada and Shopee have redefined consumer habits in the region.

• Digitalisation of markets in Indonesia:  Tokopedia and Gojek have enabled small merchants to go digital. While this has created new opportunities, it has also put traditional sellers at a disadvantage if they struggle to adapt to digital tools quickly.
• AI impact – Personalised recommendations and inventory management: AI analyses consumer preferences and optimises product recommendations, boosting online sales. Additionally, it enhances inventory management by accurately forecasting demand. Alibaba and JD.com utilise these technologies to refine their offerings and improve customer experience.

Also Read: The agritech challenge in Indonesia: Can AI and mobile apps enhance productivity?

Transport and logistics

The rise of digital platforms has disrupted the transportation sector. Ride-sharing and on-demand delivery services have created new opportunities but have also pressured traditional business models.

• Grab and the gig economy in Malaysia: Grab, based in Singapore but dominant in Malaysia, has created thousands of jobs for drivers and delivery personnel. However, these jobs remain precarious, lacking social security and stable income guarantees, prompting governments to reconsider labour regulations.
• AI impact – Route optimisation and predictive fleet management: AI helps transport companies optimise routes, reducing fuel costs and improving delivery speeds. Predictive fleet management systems also improve vehicle maintenance. DHL and FedEx have invested in these technologies to enhance logistics efficiency.

Agriculture and smart technologies

Agriculture, a vital economic pillar in many Southeast Asian countries, is also undergoing significant changes with the adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence.

• Precision agriculture in Thailand: Companies like Ricult and E-fishery in Thailand use AI and drones to optimise crop yields and reduce water waste. While this boosts efficiency, it also requires farmers to develop digital skills to remain competitive.
• AI impact – Soil analysis and crop forecasting: AI provides farmers with precise recommendations for irrigation and fertiliser usage based on weather conditions and soil data. John Deere and Bayer are developing AI-based solutions to enhance agricultural practices.

Finance and fintech

Fintech is revolutionising banking services in Southeast Asia, where many individuals still lack access to traditional financial institutions.

• The rise of fintech in the Philippines: GCash and PayMaya enable millions of unbanked Filipinos to access online payments and credit. However, this transformation has also led to job reductions in physical bank branches, pushing employees toward specialised roles in data analytics and cybersecurity.
• AI impact – Customer service automation and fraud detection: AI-powered chatbots are replacing human advisors in customer service roles. Additionally, machine learning algorithms detect fraudulent transactions in real-time, enhancing financial security. Companies like BPCE Groupe or Revolut leverage these technologies to improve user experience and security.

Also Read: The art of balancing speed and sustainability in a fast-paced world

Towards a more skilled workforce?

AI and digital transformation in Southeast Asia present both opportunities and challenges. While they create new jobs, they also make certain professions obsolete. To mitigate these effects, governments and businesses must invest heavily in workforce training and digital skills development to ensure a smooth transition into this new era of work.

AI and digital transformation bring both opportunities and challenges to Southeast Asia. While they create new jobs, they also make certain professions obsolete. To adapt, industries should invest heavily in workforce training and digital skills development to ensure a smooth transition into this new era of work.

• Re-skill the workforce: Invest in AI, automation, and data training programs to help workers transition into new roles.
• Promote lifelong learning: Educational institutions should integrate digital and AI-focused courses to prepare future professionals.
• Support SMEs in digital adoption: Provide more et focused financial aid, training, and access to technology to help small businesses stay competitive.
• Regulate the gig economy: Ensure fair wages, job security, and benefits for gig workers affected by automation and the massive adoption of AI.

By adopting these strategies, Southeast Asian industries can smoothly transition into an AI-driven economy while ensuring job security and workforce adaptability.

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Silicon Valley-based COVU, an AI-driven platform aiming to transform the insurance landscape, has received au undisclosed amount in investment from Singapore-based True Global Ventures (TGV).

The extension round of US$10 million was led by TGV, with participation from existing investor Benhamou Global Ventures.

The capital will enable COVU to scale its AI capabilities, broaden its market presence, and accelerate growth in the US.

COVU aims to augment insurance agents’ expertise through AI-powered automation, risk management insights, and customer engagement tools. This will enable them to function more effectively and offer enhanced value to their clientele.

Also Read: True Global Ventures’s Web3-focused follow-on fund TGV4 Plus hits US$146M first close

The tool blends intelligent automation with human expertise to empower agencies, brokers, and financial institutions to improve risk management and customer retention and drive business growth.

The solution is designed to enhance, not replace, human expertise by automating routine tasks and delivering proactive risk assessments. This will allow agents to focus on client relationships and boost operational efficiency.

Dusan Stojanovic, General Partner at True Global Ventures, notes that COVU is transforming the insurance industry by enabling agents to utilise AI-driven insights, automate administrative tasks and deliver personalised services. This aligns with TGV’s vision of investing in high-growth AI companies led by experienced entrepreneurs.

TGV focuses on AI-powered business solutions in The San Francisco Bay Area. It primarily invests in enterprise AI and blockchain. The VC firm has so far invested over US$50 million across seven vertical AI companies.

In the US, TGV has already invested in Obligo (a risk/financial services AI company) and Prezent (an AI-powered business communication and presentation productivity platform).

Its arm, TGV 4 Plus, invests in Web3 primarily in late-stage Series A, B and C across entertainment & gaming, financial services, infrastructure & data analytics/AI.

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Last month, GCL Global Holdings merged with the special purpose acquisition company (SPAC) RF Acquisition to become the latest Singaporean firm to be listed on the Nasdaq, joining Grab, MoneyHero Group, and Ryde.

The gaming company’s shares surged on the Nasdaq amid strong market momentum, which was also driven by significant financial improvements. The company is now looking to leverage this unique position to bridge the gaming markets between Asia and the West.

In an interview with e27, Sebastian Toke, Group CEO of GCL Global Holdings, discussed the global gaming market, Nasdaq listing, financial performance, SPAC, and future plans.

Edited excerpts:

GCL Holdings has brought several award-winning games to Singapore. How do you plan to expand beyond distribution to potentially develop or co-develop games that specifically cater to Asian audiences?

We expanded beyond distribution to game publishing as early as 2020 and co-published highly anticipated titles like Atomic Heart and S.T.A.L.K.E.R. 2: Heart of Chornobyl. We are now the global publisher for Showa American Story, another highly anticipated IP expected to be released in late 2025 or early 2026.

As a dystopian counter-world in which America became a protectorate of the Japanese Empire, this is an example of fresh, imaginative, hardcore storytelling that gamers have been craving.

We are also developing a new title, which hasn’t been announced yet. We aspire to create games for an international, global audience, including Asian audiences. While some content may have Asian roots, the narrative and gameplay can be cross-cultural.

Also Read: ‘There is strong reaction against the P2E gaming genre’: BITKRAFT Asia Partner Jin Oh

There is a wealth of talent in our part of the world that we can tap into, take to the next level, and then deliver to a global audience of gamers. Our rich history as a video gaming group also allows us to feel the gaming community’s pulse and understand this landscape’s ever-changing trends and what is relevant and what is not.

The gaming industry is shifting towards subscriptions, cloud gaming, and Web3. How is GCL adapting to these trends?

There are many trends in the gaming industry because the entertainment industry, in general, continues to shift. But there has also been a lot of demand for more story-driven content and single-player or multiplayer co-op experiences.

Our view is that, ultimately, content is king. Gamers want something fresh that transports them to a new world, which they can turn into experiences with their friends and memories that become a lasting part of their lives.

Such content can be enjoyed over the cloud or through a games subscription service, but the key is still the content that has to be produced, marketed, and sold. We’re very focused on this area right now.

GCL reported a significantly narrower net loss in H1 FY2025. Could you detail the specific strategies that drove this improvement, particularly in console games and game code sales?

In the first half of FY2025, our top-line growth shot up to over 40 per cent, and that was before any impact from the global distribution of Black Myth Wukong’s retail SKU. We were adjusted EBITDA-positive, and if you back out the expenses related to going public and other transactions, we have been consistently profitable for the past several years.

In the future, we expect to see a significant lift in gross margins as publishing revenue becomes a more prominent contributor to our total revenue mix, which should positively affect the bottom line.

Your recent SPAC merger led to a 145.97 per cent share price surge. What specific factors contributed to this strong market response? How do you plan to maintain investor confidence and momentum following the initial stock price surge?

We don’t comment on stock price movements. As a new public company, we plan to meet with analysts and investors regularly and build their confidence in our management team, our strategy, and our ability to achieve success.

Over time, we want to be known as a company that underpromises and over-delivers, and that is the key to creating value for our shareholders and the companies that partner with us.

As a Singaporean company listed on NASDAQ, how do you leverage this unique position to bridge the gaming markets between Asia and the West?

We have been fortunate to connect developers and publishers from Europe and the US with the fast-growing Asian games market. Understanding what is essential for Asian gamers has helped us successfully bring titles here.

Most importantly, we are now starting to introduce Asia-developed games to international markets. Asian game developers are starting to hit their stride with highly creative, engaging titles and stories that can appeal to a global audience. Those are the titles we want to get behind.

What are your capital allocation plans now that you have access to public markets?

We are fully funded to reach our goals for 2025. However, given the industry’s disruption, we regularly see IP become available at a fraction of the cost people were paying a few years ago.

So, we will continue to examine those opportunities and allocate capital where we see the potential for multi-bagger breakouts and the high confidence of a floor to cover our investments.

Also Read: YGG’s Future of Work: Empowering gamers for the AI age

We aim to work with teams over time to build the greatest value for the creative work and talent they bring to the table and create a pipeline of our own internally developed games.

Why did you choose the SPAC route for your Nasdaq listing, and what were the biggest challenges in the process? The SPAC market has been volatile in recent years.

We looked at every possibility, including listing on the Singapore Stock Exchange, the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and a traditional IPO on NASDAQ. With a conventional IPO, we knew we would be spending millions of dollars on legal and audit fees with no certainty that the market would ultimately be there for us. The advantage of a de-SPAC is the relative certainty of outcome.

Given the SEC’s stricter SPAC regulations implemented in January 2024, how has this affected your compliance strategy and corporate governance approach?

We think it’s positive and would help companies like ours shine brighter because of the increased scrutiny. Meeting the regulatory requirements automatically gives us a shiny badge of credibility.

We believe a company going public via an SPAC merger is subject to more scrutiny by the SEC and NASDAQ than a traditional IPO, not less. That’s really important to us because the process helps prepare the team before the company goes public and is subject to new financial reporting and disclosure requirements.

AI, fintech, and quantum computing have primarily driven the resurgence of SPACs in 2025. What do you think makes gaming an attractive sector for SPAC investors?

SPAC investors are typically hedge funds that invest based on the yield and anticipated value of the warrants and the certainty of being able to redeem their shares for cash. Right now, GCL is seeking to build a shareholder base with a breadth of retail and institutional investors, including mutual funds, hedge funds, and family offices.

We are proud of our existing shareholders, which include Sega, several Japanese banks, and a charitable foundation. Gaming is at the crossroads of technology and entertainment. Interactive entertainment—aka video games—results from code, design, art, storytelling, and, increasingly, artificial intelligence.

From the investors’ perspective, we give them a chance to tap into the new wave of triple-A titles coming out of Asia and the favourable gaming demographics in many markets where we are distributors for the top games in the world. Funds that know this industry know there are some big disruptive forces at work, and we are on the right side of them.

Looking ahead, what role do emerging technologies like AI and cloud gaming play in your growth strategy across your different business units?

AI has always been employed in video games to some extent, whether it’s your companion in the game or enemy encounters, so using AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), will significantly reduce some of the time used for mundane programming tasks.

Cloud gaming has seen pockets of success, and the best way to deliver our games to as many people as possible is to partner with successful platforms.

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The financial world is buzzing with activity, and the interplay between macroeconomic data, geopolitical tensions, and groundbreaking policy moves like Trump’s proposed Crypto Strategic Reserve offers a rich tapestry to explore.

Let’s unpack this step by step, weaving together the facts, the data, and my own perspective on what it all means for investors, policymakers, and the average person trying to make sense of these turbulent times.

The latest US PCE inflation data provides a starting point, and it’s a cautiously optimistic one. In January, both headline and core PCE price indices rose by 0.3 per cent month-over-month, aligning neatly with economists’ expectations. This moderation in price pressures suggests that the Federal Reserve’s tightrope walk of managing inflation without choking economic growth might be paying off.

For context, the PCE, or Personal Consumption Expenditures index, is the Fed’s preferred gauge of inflation, and a 0.3 per cent increase is a far cry from the scorching prints we saw in 2022. It’s not a victory lap yet—annualised figures still hover above the Fed’s 2 per cent target—but it’s enough to steady global risk sentiment. Markets crave predictability, and this benign inflation print delivered just that.

The US Treasury market certainly took notice, posting its biggest monthly gain since July. Short-term yields dipped below 4 per cent, and the 10-year yield slid 5 basis points to 4.2 per cent, the lowest since mid-December. This rally in bonds reflects a growing belief that the Fed might ease up on rate hikes, or even pivot to cuts later in 2025 if the data keeps cooperating.

But don’t pop the champagne just yet. The geopolitical landscape is throwing curveballs that could unravel this fragile calm. Last Friday’s Oval Office meeting between President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky was a disaster by all accounts.

What was supposed to be a constructive dialogue on a critical minerals deal—think lithium, cobalt, and other resources vital for batteries and tech—blew up spectacularly. The fallout scrapped the deal and dashed hopes of ceasefire talks in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict. This isn’t just diplomatic theater; it’s a blow to supply chains and energy transition plans. Ukraine’s mineral wealth could have bolstered US efforts to reduce reliance on China, but now that door’s slammed shut.

The implications ripple outward: heightened uncertainty, potential supply shortages, and a reminder that geopolitics can trump economic fundamentals in a heartbeat. Markets shrugged it off for now—MSCI US climbed 1.6 per cent, with Financials up 2.1 per cent and Consumer Discretionary gaining 1.8 per cent—but I’m not convinced this resilience will hold if tensions escalate further.

Also Read: Why the future of space and energy storage might be growing in a Thai hemp farm

Switching gears to Trump’s bombshell announcement, the Crypto Strategic Reserve is the wildcard everyone’s talking about. On Sunday, Trump took to Truth Social to declare that Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Solana, and Cardano would form the backbone of a “strategic national digital assets stockpile.”

Prices of these tokens soared—some reports suggest double-digit gains within hours—and the crypto community is ablaze with speculation. This isn’t a spur-of-the-moment tweet; it builds on an executive order Trump signed in January to explore such a reserve. His framing is classic Trump: a middle finger to the Biden administration’s “corrupt attacks” on crypto, paired with a promise to “elevate” the industry.

It’s a bold move, and I’ll admit, it’s got my journalist senses tingling. On one hand, legitimising crypto at this level could turbocharge adoption. Analysts at State Street are already predicting that crypto ETFs will surpass precious metals in North America by year-end, becoming the third-largest ETF asset class. That’s a seismic shift, and a government-backed reserve could accelerate it.

But let’s pump the brakes and dig deeper. What does a “Crypto Strategic Reserve” even mean in practice? Is the US government buying up billions in Bitcoin and altcoins to sit on them like a digital Fort Knox? Trump’s post didn’t specify quantities or timelines, which leaves room for skepticism.

The logistics are daunting—securing wallets, managing volatility, and navigating regulatory minefields. And why these five coins? Bitcoin and Ethereum are no-brainers; they’re the blue-chip cryptos with the deepest liquidity. XRP, Solana, and Cardano, though, raise eyebrows. XRP’s tangled legal history with the SEC, Solana’s past network outages, and Cardano’s slower development pace don’t scream “strategic” to me.

Posts on X suggest a market frenzy—Cardano reportedly jumped 60 per cent, XRP 25per cent, Solana 20 per cent—but I wonder if this is more hype than substance. Trump’s a showman, and this could be a populist play to win over the crypto crowd without a clear endgame. Still, the signal is powerful: the US might be positioning itself as a crypto superpower, daring others to follow suit.

Across the Pacific, China’s stirring the pot too. The official manufacturing and non-manufacturing PMIs for February ticked up, a relief after the Lunar New Year slowdown from January 28 to February 4. Factories are humming again, and services are rebounding. But peek under the hood, and the picture’s murkier—sub-indices like new orders and employment hint at fragility.

Also Read: Powering sustainable startup growth: Essential tools and success stories

All eyes are on the “Two Sessions” kicking off March 4, where Beijing’s expected to unveil fiscal stimulus. Investors are salivating for measures to juice domestic demand and supercharge AI, especially after Xi’s symposium with business leaders two weeks ago. I’m cautiously optimistic here; China’s got the firepower to move markets, but execution’s the rub. Past promises have sometimes fizzled, and with Trump’s tariffs looming—10 per cent on Chinese goods starting March 4, alongside hikes on Mexico and Canada—Beijing’s got a tightrope of its own to walk.

Speaking of tariffs, they’re casting a shadow over energy markets. Brent crude slipped 1.2 per cent, reflecting fears that trade barriers will dampen global demand. It’s a logical worry: higher costs on imports could slow manufacturing and consumer spending, hitting oil consumption.

The US Dollar Index, meanwhile, edged up 0.4 per cent, flexing its safe-haven muscle, while gold dipped 0.7 per cent. That’s a classic risk-off tilt, even as equities hold firm. Asian equity indices opened mostly higher today, but US futures suggest a mixed start. It’s a market caught between hope (inflation cooling, stimulus hopes) and dread (geopolitics, trade wars).

The week ahead is a gauntlet. US payrolls and ISM data will test the economy’s pulse, while Fed Chair Jerome Powell’s keynote could drop hints on rate cuts. A barrage of Fedspeak will keep traders on edge, and the ECB’s policy rate decision across the pond adds another layer. Trump’s State of the Union on March 4—coinciding with the tariff rollout—will be must-watch TV. Will he double down on the crypto reserve or pivot to red-meat nationalism? My gut says he’ll lean into both, keeping markets guessing.

This is a pivotal moment, but it’s laced with uncertainty. The PCE data and Treasury rally signal a soft landing might be in reach, yet geopolitics and tariffs could derail it. Trump’s crypto gambit is audacious—potentially transformative if it’s more than bluster—but I’d wager it’s half-baked until we see details.

China’s stimulus could be a game-changer, but only if it delivers. For investors, it’s a time to stay nimble: ride the crypto wave, hedge against trade shocks, and watch the Fed like hawks. As an observer, I’m thrilled to chronicle this chaos—it’s where the real stories live. But as a global citizen, I can’t shake the feeling we’re one tweet or tantrum away from a very different market wrap.

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Chinese smart electric vehicle (EV) manufacturer XPENG has officially entered the Indonesian market, marking a key step in its global expansion.

Supported by Erajaya Active Lifestyle, this move aims to introduce the auto major’s advanced EV technology to Indonesian consumers.

XPENG plans to start local production in Indonesia in the second half of 2025, focusing on the X9 and G6 models, which will be specifically designed for the right-hand drive market. By integrating local supply chains, the company hopes to foster a community of shared interests through technology, production capacity and ecosystem partnerships.

Also Read: Electrifying Southeast Asia: Unleashing the radical potential of electric vehicles

Indonesia, as Southeast Asia’s largest new car market, presents a high-potential growth opportunity for the Chinese company. It intends to establish Indonesia and other markets in the APAC region as its next growth engine, driving its global success.

At the launch event, the EV maker showcased its 2025 product line-up for Indonesia, highlighting the X9 and G6 models. These models offer AI-driven innovation, intelligent mobility, and high-performance driving, providing users with a smarter, more connected, and more convenient experience.

Erajaya, a prominent player in Indonesia’s high-end technology and consumer electronics sector, represents leading global brands such as DJI. Leveraging its expertise and market presence, XPENG aims to drive market education for advanced smart EVs and enhance the user experience.

Also Read: Thinking out loud: Are electric vehicles as sustainable as we believe?

Founded in 2014, XPENG designs, develops, manufactures and markets Smart EVs. It develops its full-stack advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) technology and intelligent in-car operating system in-house, along with core vehicle systems.

XPENG’s Smart EVs are primarily manufactured at its facilities in Zhaoqing and Guangzhou, Guangdong province. XPENG is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Exchange.

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