As any entrepreneur can attest, the road to success for a startup is often fraught with challenges. From securing funding to gaining traction in the market, the odds are often stacked against early-stage companies. But in recent years, a new challenger has emerged in the venture-building ecosystem: the government.
Traditionally, the role of government has been to regulate and oversee various industries, ensuring that businesses comply with regulations and protect consumers from harm. They also act as growth engines through the provision of grants and building infrastructure and ecosystems.
However, in recent years, the Singapore government and its linked entities have begun to take a more active role in the startup ecosystem by creating their own startups to compete with private ventures. Furthermore, the government has been actively recruiting top talent to work for their startups, creating a new set of challenges for private entrepreneurs.
Bring forth the Titans
Some of the biggest movers behind government-linked ventures are Temasek, GovTech Singapore and FairPrice Group. The recently formed minden.ai, a venture backed by Temasek, is a good example.
Minden.ai is the team behind the yuu app, which is a loyalty and rewards platform that counts 7-eleven, Cold Storage, Guardian, Breadtalk, Food Junction and Food Republic as some of their merchants. This is a large segment that covers major heavyweights in the convenience, supermarket and food sectors.
Positioning yuu as a replacement of disparate rewards systems builds significant economies of scale and allows for cross-selling and an expansion of your customer base – a scenario smaller startups can only dream about.
Achieving this kind of critical mass is not easy if you are a private startup – without the funds and reputation, you will burn cash faster than you can say, “build me a unicorn”.
Just ask Perx Technologies. They started in this space way back in the early 2010s, providing a similar solution. After realising the challenge of building a rewards programme without sufficient backing from major retail players, they made a major pivot in 2017 to relaunch as a B2B2C marketing and rewards campaign platform.
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It is without a doubt the yuu app will be successful – DFI Retail Group and Breadtalk Group are also corporate investors in it. Positioning yuu as a replacement for disparate rewards systems builds significant economies of scale and allows for cross-selling and an expansion of your customer base – a scenario smaller startups can only dream about.
Bigger ambitions
Even at its scale, yuu app is dwarfed by NTUC Fairprice group’s ambitions. The group has made serious headways in building its own super app. As of the end Feb 2023, the Fairprice app was ranked 1st on data.ai (formerly App Annie), ahead of Lazada and Shopee.
Late off the starting line, the Fairprice app gained ground during COVID-19. Between September 2019 to August 2020, NTUC FairPrice managed to achieve an annual sales growth of 68 per cent and grew its customer base by 44 per cent, while its online unit also saw annual sales growth of 44 per cent.
With more than 700,000 app users, their target is to grow to 1.8 million in the next few years. Currently, online sales make up about 10 per cent to 15 per cent of total FairPrice sales – on par with global players with lots of room to grow.
This is no easy feat, especially for a behemoth like Fairprice. Their ability to move fast and manage change is admirable. This was “made possible through the infusion of new tech talent with hands-on e-commerce experience, combined with training existing staff on cutting edge topics in digital marketing, product development and machine learning”.
They are also embarking on an extensive change of leadership and talent. Their current group CEO, Mr Vipul Chawla, joined in Apr 2022. Before that, Mr Vipul was president of Pizza Hut International, a brand under the American fast-food company Yum! Brands and had previously worked at consumer goods company Unilever. Overall, Fairprice grew its headcount (based on LinkedIn numbers) by 16 per cent over the past two years and 23 per cent growth over the last year on engineering talent alone. More on this later.
From groceries to banking
Not only does Fairprice has its own super app, but it also has another even bigger giant waiting on the sidelines – its joint venture with Standard Chartered in Trust Bank. In the short four months since launch, the digital bank has gained 400,000 users who have performed over 6 million transactions.
Their acquisition strategy was simple – convert Fairprice’s Plus! Rewards’ existing 2.3 million users with a low-cost hook that came with a bit of a whip – the loss of your points if you didn’t apply for a new credit or debit card from Trust registers for a Link Rewards card or download the FairPrice app.
While this was great for Fairprice, this move also resulted in the termination of the long-term partnership with OCBC – which is now turned into a rival with Fairprice’s foray into banking.
The ability to see how your customer earns, saves and spends is the holy grail goal of any fintech company, and Fairprice is on the way to achieving this.
Trust Bank’s growth is a lot faster than its peers like GxS or Maribank, the two digital banking licensees awarded by MAS in 2020. Both don’t have a large enough user base with a sufficiently strong pain/gain impetus to create an account with the new banks. Incentives will be needed to entice this, an option both are hesitant to take in the current environment.
On the other hand, there are still almost 2 million Fairprice points owners who haven’t made the switch to Trust Bank. Furthermore, restrictions apply to the Digital Full Bank licensees that do not encumber Trust Bank, which has a Full Bank License through Standard Chartered. Trust Bank is only just getting started.
With the Fairprice app, Trust bank and other technology developments like Scan N Go, NTUC Fairprice’s strategy is an impressive combo of venture building and digital transformation. But more crucially, it is more about building an entire ecosystem powered by technology and revolving around spending and saving money. The ability to see how your customer earns, saves and spends is the holy grail goal of any fintech company, and Fairprice is on the way to achieving this.
Hiring with gusto
With bigger ambitions comes an increased appetite for talent. A review of LinkedIn employee numbers shows that Fairprice undertook a whopping 23 per cent YoY engineering talent binge. Engineering still only forms five per cent of its total headcount, compared to Operations, which forms 14 per cent. Even then, Operations also grew by 13 per cent YoY.
NCS, another large government-linked business with a strong focus on engineering and IT consultancy, clocked a 21 per cent YoY growth in Engineering and 11 per cent for IT. Fairprice, NCS and GovTech saw YoY overall hiring at the pace of between 10 per cent to 16 per cent, far ahead of general employment growth numbers of seven per cent.
GovTech is the folks behind SingPass, TraceTogether and about 80 different publicly-accessible APIs available through their platform. They play a critical role in enabling government-related functions through the use of technology. Not only are they hiring aggressively, but they also rank well on Glassdoor, an employer review platform powered by anonymous employee posts.
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With a 4.0 rating and more than 700 reviews, it holds its own against more well-established tech firms like Grab (4.3), Lazada (3.6) and Shopee (3.7). As an employer of choice, GovTech definitely ranks amongst the top choices. GovTech also pays well – a comparison of salaries on Glassdoor showed competitive compensation.
Supporter or competitor?
Overall, the move by government entities into venture building is to be celebrated. After all, competition is supposed to be good for consumers and the economy as a whole. But when the government becomes a player in the startup game, it creates a new set of challenges for private entrepreneurs.
One of the biggest challenges is the threat of government-linked ventures acting as direct competitors to private ventures. With a larger pool of resources at their disposal, government-linked startups can quickly dominate a market and drive out private competition. This is especially true in industries where startups rely heavily on government contracts or subsidies, such as defence or renewable energy.
Funding becomes more challenging, too – should these startups raise private equity, they will often be seen as a safer investment than private startups. This denies funding for other private ventures.
Moreover, government-linked startups often have an unfair advantage when it comes to recruiting talent. Since they have the backing of the government, they are often seen as a safer employer than private startups. This is particularly true in today’s environment, where tech firms are going through rounds of layoffs. This can make it difficult for private ventures to attract and retain top talent, which can in turn, hinder their ability to compete.
The larger implication… is that startups competing head-on with government-linked ventures will have a harder time succeeding.
Another challenge is the disruption caused by government-linked startups. When a government creates a startup, it often has a specific agenda in mind, whether it’s promoting a particular technology or advancing a social cause. This may lead to the government undercutting private startups that are pursuing similar goals, disrupting the market and making it difficult for private ventures to succeed.
Govtech’s Parking app is a good example of competing with private innovation. The app, launched in 2017, solved a ton of problems with the old traditional paper coupon system – anxiety over expiring coupons, littering of coupon buds and a general waste of paper.
However, a similar app was already developed as early as 2013, and the team that built the app even won second place in a competition. It was deemed as unviable by relevant agencies, only to have Govtech launch the Parking app several years later.
While it can be argued that such an app should be developed and managed by a government agency, such an experience can leave a bad taste in a startup’s mouth. A more conciliatory approach would have been to engage the team as consultants or offer to acquire the app or business. It would have costed very little but do very much to preserve the private-public cooperative trust and spur further collaborations.
The larger implication of this development is that startups competing for head-on with government-linked ventures will have a harder time succeeding. The value of a large number of startups building from the ground up is that diversity and creativity are allowed to bloom and develop. “May the best idea win” no longer holds true when a large enough venture stifles out the others before they have a chance to prove themselves.
Lastly, as a grant provider and builder of infrastructure, the government adds tremendous value to the ecosystem. Everyone benefits from a strong and reliable environment that is unbiased and objective. In this sense, the government needs to be clear on its role and impartial in its execution of it.
A large government-linked venture may have the better ability, knowledge and support in applying for grants or figuring its way around the bureaucracy and hence have a better chance at benefiting from the perks. The administrators of the bureaucracy need to preserve the neutrality of the system but yet acknowledge that private ventures may be less well-equipped to handle the processes.
Strategies for competing with government-linked ventures
So what can private startups do in the face of government competition? One strategy is to double down on innovation and differentiation.
Private startups may not be able to compete on price or resources, but they can differentiate themselves by offering unique solutions or technologies that the government has not yet considered. This is where having a thriving ecosystem which breeds diversity and creativity can be crucial to creating differentiation.
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Another strategy is to build relationships with the government. While it may seem counterintuitive to form partnerships with the competition, as per the earlier Parking app example, working with the government can actually be beneficial for private startups. By demonstrating the value of their products or services to the government, startups can secure contracts or subsidies that can help them compete.
Of course, the necessary guardrails should be put in place to protect such sharing to ensure the startups’ IPs and rights are protected. Frameworks like sandboxes and government-sponsored hackathons can be an arena to build cooperation and trust.
Startups should also double down on understanding the customers and their wants and needs and work to out-serve. Government-linked ventures will often have a national agenda to serve and may not be as concerned or nimble with attending to customer needs.
Lastly, private startups should focus on sectors or industries that are overlooked or deemed less critical or under-represented by government involvement. Establishing a beachhead in these industries before moving up to fight with the titans may be a viable Go-to-Market strategy in view of the presence of government-linked ventures.
Conclusion
Venture building is no longer solely the domain of private startups. Ultimately, the rise of government-linked startups and their recruitment of top talent is going to be the new norm for private entrepreneurs.
But with the right strategies and a focus on innovation, nimbleness and strategic planning, startups can still succeed in a market that includes government disruptors. As the startup ecosystem continues to evolve, it’s up to entrepreneurs to adapt and thrive in the face of new competition.
After all, adapting and pivoting have always been the name of the game.
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