My involvement with a real cult began when I was an ignorant 19 years old, I was involved in a real cult for three months during my year-long student exchange in Japan. Initially, I thought I joined a “bible study group” and was looking forward to making friends and improving my Japanese by studying the Japanese bible. I did not know that I joined a cult until I got into the inner group and saw many red flags.
Some red flags include “inner circle members” telling me that the “head pastor went to jail and was framed”, and noticing in “church-wide” events (>5,000 people) that the cult has >80 per cent female members.
Later, I found out that the head pastor went to jail for raping women. Armed with verifiable evidence that only the inner group could have, I got into trouble with the cult because I started pulling all my friends out, and telling them to pull their friends out too.
Overnight the “international church” of 50+ international students literally dropped to zero, and for a while, the cult leaders were physically after me.
Did curiosity kill the cat?
Curiosity probably killed me then, and it wasn’t fun. I am thankful that a cat has nine lives.
Nonetheless, that experience really kickstarted my deep interest in human nature, parasocial relationships and communities. I have always been fascinated with communities that have cult-like elements because it’s so interesting to observe and study what intrinsically motivates people.
Most importantly, because I’ve been in a real cult before, I could empathise deeply with people who are drawn to cults or heavily involved in communities with cult-like elements.
And nope, people do not join cults because they are dumb. People join cults/cult-like communities because we are human. As human beings, we all want to be part of something bigger than ourselves eventually.
And as human beings, there are always emotional vulnerabilities that could be exploited by the wrong people (deep need for approval/ permission, porous boundaries, lack of fulfilment of emotional needs).
Also Read: How can you build a living, thriving community around your SaaS product?
Indeed, all cults are strong communities, whereas not all strong communities are cults.
Cult vs cult-like: What’s the difference?
- A cult is “closed”. It restricts your freedom and makes you feel like you cannot/have no other options to turn to. The strongly associated emotions are guilt and shame.
The cult social system is engineered to exploit the emotional vulnerabilities of people. When your brain is so wired with many positive reinforcements that you cannot get elsewhere (the initial “love bombing”), it is very difficult to fight against these chemicals if you’re unprepared.
- A strong community with “cult-like” elements is open. You’re always free to leave it, and the community should empower you enough so that you don’t want to leave it, even though you can.
There is also a sense of gratitude to it, that you have received so much support from this community that you want to give back.
10 cult-like elements to strong communities
The following list shows 10 characteristics of a cult.
Strong Web3 communities with cult-like elements demonstrate some of these characteristics to lesser degrees:
- There is a charismatic leader and/or a chief thought architect unique to the community. The group displays an excessively zealous and unquestioning commitment to its leader and regards his belief system, ideology, and practices as the Truth.
- The leadership dictates (over Twitter in the Web3 context) how members should think, act, and feel. Usually, this is worked into and reinforced by the mission, vision and slogan of the group. The group has a polarised and strong “us-versus-them” mentality.
- The group feels that they are elitist, claiming a special, exalted status for itself, its leader(s), and its members. There is always a “saviour’s mentality” involved in their narrative, that they are superior beings on a special mission to “save” humanity from something. In the Web3 context, this could be liberation from nine-five work, financial slavery, etc.
- The leader is not accountable to any authorities, particularly in an accepted culture in the Web3 “decentralised” and “non-Doxxed” context.
- The group teaches or implies that its supposedly exalted ends justify whatever means it deems necessary. This may result in members participating in behaviours or activities they would have considered reprehensible or unethical before joining the group. Or, in the Web3 context, members justify the actions of their leader even after they have been rugged.
- The leadership induces feelings of shame and/or guilt in order to influence and control members. Often this is done through peer pressure and subtle forms of persuasion.
- There is a strong evangelism arm, and evangelists are usually empowered with bullets/ convenient and repeatable narratives of the project. The group is preoccupied with bringing in new members into the said communities, particularly common in Web3 spaces where people ask their friends to buy the NFT/coin.
- The group is preoccupied with making money, particularly common in Web3 spaces for speculators and flippers.
- Members are expected to devote inordinate amounts of time to the group and group-related activities, also not uncommon in Web3 communities.
- The most loyal members (the “true believers”) feel there can be no life outside the context of the group. They identify themselves with the project, believe there is no other way to be, and often fear reprisals to themselves or others if they leave or even consider leaving the group.
Also Read: Unstoppable pioneers of Web3: 16 women spearheading the change
Strong communities: Engineering cult-like elements
Web3 is all about communities. Therefore, it is important to know how to build a strong community, and we could always refer back to how successful cults do it.
Megachurches are strong communities. Salesforce and Apple are strong tech communities. Duolingo and Starbucks are strong B2C communities too. All of them have cult-like features as well.
So, when it comes to communities with cult-like features, here is a possible system:
- Step #1: A strong community with cult-like features have a strong vision, mission and slogan that seem to solve the seeker’s practical problems. It does the “hook” with positive reinforcements and promises, which include: consistently being a reliable source to providing direct solutions and information to solving your practical problems.
On top of that, it also provides emotional value: companionship (if you are lonely), peace of mind (if you’re facing constant stress/ anxiety), initial physical safety (if you do not have a physical safe space), or an implied life/ romantic partner (if you are looking for a meaningful connection).
The initial goal for all prospects to join the open community is to ensure that they always get their practical problems solved. Yet, the more they interact with the community, the more emotional needs they meet as a byproduct.
- Step #2: Existing community managers and other community members are then encouraged to attend to the prospect constantly, to make sure the positive reinforcement + psychological/ biological feedback loop persists.
- Step #3: Next, existing community members will invite these prospects to attend an exclusive function (“for selected people only”).
The frequency gets higher and higher as the prospects show a willingness to attend more of such functions, in the lack of other activities that meet their practical and emotional needs.
The goal is to keep the mind in a constantly engaged state and to keep reinforcing the feedback loop of meeting both practical and emotional needs.
- Step #4: For community members who want to continue this positive feedback loop of meeting both practical and emotional needs, they will intrinsically want to step up.
The self-talk is in the forms of:
-
- “I want to continue to do X so that I can continue to get positive reinforcements, if not more”; or
- “If I don’t do Y, I will not get the positive reinforcements anymore”.
- Step #5: At this point, prospects’ decisions on their levels of commitment to the community will reach an equilibrium. Prospects are free to step up their commitment, maintain the status quo or leave (if they lose interest or have all their problems solved).
Therefore, as seen from the above possible system, it means that positive reinforcement and the consistent practical + emotional solving of community members’ problems are absolutely critical.
Practical implications to Web3 marketers
So what’s the big deal?
Also Read: The 27 Web3 startups in Singapore that show crypto is more than Terra Luna and stablecoins
The point here is that if Web3 is all about people, communities and ecosystems, then it might be wise to learn how to build strong communities. To make the thought process more robust and thorough, it might be wise to continue to experiment with thought paradigms that guide the building of a community.
I believe evangelism and brand advocacy all start from brand values. The point is to define what your community stands for, and more practically, what it does not stand for.
I’ll also love to hear your thoughts on this topic, how do you think we can engineer a strong community- with cultish elements for your particular project?
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