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How many .com domain names are unused?

This one’s for all the frustrated web creators…

When looking for a .com name, it can be frustrating to find many that are already taken but appear to be unused.

Is there rampant domain speculation or some other explanation?

Let’s look at the data…

There are currently 137 million .com domain names registered.1 Of these, roughly a third of domains are “in use” (businesses, personal websites, email, etc.), and another third appear to be unused, leaving the last third for a variety of speculative purposes.

.com Domain Usage, from a sample of 2,188 domains
99% CI ±3%2

How I determined these numbers

I started by crawling a random sample of the domains from the top-level .com DNS zone file3 until reaching 100,000 valid domains.4

For each domain, I collected the following:

  • the WHOIS record,5
  • all DNS records for the top-level domain and the www subdomain,6
  • HTTP and HTTPS7 responses (status code, headers, and bodies) for the root page of the top-level domain and the www subdomain,
  • screenshots of the root page as viewed by Mozilla Firefox 64.0 on Linux

The crawl took a little over 48 hours from a single server located in a Singapore data centre.

I ran a follow-up crawl for any domains that failed to connect over HTTP or HTTPS (in case of transient errors). And finally, for the 2,188 domains to be categorized I manually checked any that had failed in case the crawler had timed out or had DOM events blocked by JavaScript.

Then, I wrote a script to help me categorize websites based on their screenshot and body.

The categorization script presents the possible categories as a list of buttons, with Content being the default.

I used the script to categorize domains over the next 2 days.8 In some cases the screenshot and body were not sufficient, so I manually opened the domain in a web browser for inspection.

Summary statistics and insights

Top 10 .com Domain Registrars, from a sample of 100,000 domains

  • GoDaddy is the registrar for a third of all .com domain names. That’s roughly 45 million domain names. Of those, one in three have parking pages. In other words, more than 10 per cent of all .com domain names host GoDaddy ads pages.
  • While there are 1,851 registrars in the sample, the majority of those are controlled by a smaller number of operators.9
  • 25 per cent of domains were registered within the last year.
Domain ages according to WHOIS creation dates, from a sample of 100,000 domains

Domain categories

These categories evolved as I worked.

For example, I hadn’t anticipated the high number of gambling domains (aliases).

For most categories, I’ve included a random sample of screenshots from that category excluding redundant ones.

Content (31% or ~43 million)

Content is the category of any domain with a website displaying unique content. It doesn’t matter what the content is, as long as it appears to be unique for the domain and publicly accessible.

When I was unsure, I placed domains in this category by default.

Ads (23% or ~31 million)

Note that half the domains in this category are GoDaddy parking pages, on which GoDaddy places Google ads based on the keywords related to the domain name.

No Web Server (11% or ~16 million)

If I was unable to connect to, or receive a valid response from, port 80 or 443 for either the top-level domain or the www subdomain and the domain had no MX records, I placed the domain in this category.

Some of these domains likely have some non-web use, such as an FTP or video game server, but I expect them to be a small fraction.

Additionally, the crawling server was only configured for IPv4, so any IPv6-only websites would have been grouped here.

Empty (9.2% or ~13 million)

An Empty domain is one for which a web server is answering requests, but returning empty pages, 404s, or unfilled templates (such as default WordPress installs).

The difference between an Empty domain and a Parked domain is that the Empty domain has presumably been configured by the user, but no content has been added yet.

For Sale (7.1% or ~9.8 million)

Many domains are listed For Sale, usually by domain investors, through various brokers and marketplaces.

Nearly half of this category appears to be domains sold by HugeDomains, although their website lists only “over 200,000” domains available for purchase (a fraction of their ~4 million domains if the sample is representative).

I only included domains from recognizable marketplaces or when the contact details were not part of ad placement, as ad networks and domain brokers will often falsely claim that they represent a domain owner (I categorized all such domains as Ads instead).

Error (5.7% or ~7.9 million)

If a domain returned any type of error, whether an HTTP error or an in-page error, it belongs to this category.

Note that I might have miscategorized some Private domains as Errors if they used basic authentication, as I did not distinguish between 403 Forbidden (due to no basic auth credentials) and other errors.

Parked (4.8% or ~6.5 million)

Parked domains are those that display a page from the registrar or host explaining that the domain has not been set up yet.

To qualify as Parked, a domain had to serve a page without any external ads. It could advertise its own services, but it couldn’t place ads from an ad network.

Gambling (3.0% or ~4 million)

All websites in this category are in Chinese and are operating under aliases, often short strings of numbers or consonants (e.g. 17770012 or tdwhtr).

Also Read: We want to blur the lines between offline and online worlds: Zilingo CEO Ankiti Bose

They follow common templates and contain similar images, often with automatically-generated logos. I assume their purpose is to attract people who think the names are lucky.

Mail (2.6% or ~3.5 million)

Any domain not in any other category, but with MX DNS records (for email), I categorized as Mail.

I did not attempt to see if the mail server was working or if delivery was possible. It’s possible that many of these domains are not actually used for email, but I’ve given them the benefit of the doubt.

Redirect (1.1% or ~1.6 million)

Redirects include vanity domains pointing to Facebook pages, alternative names for businesses, etc.

Private (0.64% or ~0.9 million)

Private domains did not appear to have any content accessible without first logging in (or in some cases registering).

Also Read: Meet 7 more top-notch investors who will be judging TOP100!

Porn (0.59% or ~0.8 million)

Similar to gambling websites, a number of pornographic websites operate under various aliases. The websites were predominantly in Chinese and the domains followed similar naming patterns. As many of the sites display pornographic material directly (not after a warning), I’ve not included the screenshots here.

  1. ^ According to Verisign there are 137,756,106 .com domains in the “active zone” as of 2019-01-27. I had previously verified this number against the DNS zone file downloaded on 2019-01-21.
  2. ^ Steven K. Thompson. Sample Size for Estimating Multinomial Proportions. The American Statistician, 4(1):42-46, 2 1987.
  3. ^ I downloaded the zone file from Verisign at 2019-01-21 02:00 UTC and crawled the domains from 2019-01-21 11:20:52 UTC to 2019-01-23 14:04:40 UTC.
  4. ^ Not all records in the zone file are valid domains. Some do not have a WHOIS record and may act as honeypots to catch people distributing and using zone files without permission. It’s possible that there are also valid domains that act as honeypots, but without any way to identify them, I’ve ignored that possibility for the purpose of this study. Additionally, approximately 1 per cent of the records in the zone file are for name servers, not top-level domains. I excluded them from all analysis (i.e. only 98,854 of the 100,000 crawled records are used).
  5. ^ WHOIS records are directly from Verisign’s WHOIS server.
  6. ^ I collected DNS records by issuing a DNS ANY query directly to the name servers listed in the domain’s WHOIS record (in order to avoid inaccuracies due to caching and recursive resolution). A small number of DNS providers do not respond correctly or at all to ANY queries.
  7. ^ The crawler verified SSL certificates, so any HTTPS-only websites with invalid SSL certificates were classified as Error.
  8. ^ I did not manually categorize every website. When I noticed repetitive and obvious cases, such as when the title of the page was, I used an appropriate regular expression to bulk categorize website bodies that matched. I previewed the matches beforehand to ensure that they were not overly broad, but it’s possible that I misclassified some edge cases.
  9. ^ DropCatch.com uses numbered LLCs like DropCatch.com 1000 LLC, DropCatch.com 1001 LLC, DropCatch.com 1002, etc. Other drop catching operators have similar collections of names, but not all alternate registrars are named so obviously.

Image Credit: ojogabonitoo

This article first appeared on singaporedatacompany.com

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Empowering the audacious and closing the fundraise

Sometimes you have to go the extra mile, literally

Golden Gate Ventures is an early stage venture capital firm headquartered in Singapore.

The fund invests in consumer-focused internet startups across Southeast Asia. Since 2011 Golden Gate Ventures raised three early-stage venture funds and invested in more than 40 companies.

Michael Lints is a partner at Golden Gate Ventures and focuses on strategic partnerships and fundraising. He has spent the last 5 to 6 years fundraising for Golden Gate Ventures early stage funds and its portfolio companies in Southeast Asia.

This article is a representation of my (Michael’s) personal experience and views.

Experiences from Southeast Asia

There are numerous great articles published about fundraising. I am not here to rehash all the tips about investment decks and fundraising strategies.

This article is meant to give you some insights into my fundraising experience.

Fundraising has something magical.

The ones that are good at fundraising frequently are praised for raking in stellar investors and grabbing Techcrunch headlines.

Luckily fundraising is not magic. It’s a skill you can acquire as a founder. Like everything else, it requires focus, dedication, execution, and grit. Tons of grit. Fundraising can turn into desperation fast.

So how do you master fundraising and where do you start?

Build a pipeline

I’ll start by sharing my personal experience. The very first thing I learned the hard way is that fundraising is the equivalent of doing sales.

Fundraising is a fancier word, but in practice, the activities are incredibly similar.

In one of my first jobs as a counter salesman in a PC hardware store I experienced that numbers count, a lot. I was still a teenager, so I didn’t pay much attention to my boss.

I do vividly remember that he was always worried about making sure the store had enough foot traffic, and that the sales team would convert that foot traffic into actual sales of motherboards, gaming computers, and other hardware.

It was all about converting leads and making sure there was a large enough number of leads to convert.

When I started fundraising, I didn’t take those sales lessons to heart immediately. I assumed I could just hit up a few strong leads (investors in my network) and I would be able to convert them.

Why create a large pipeline when you have strong leads? These investors know me, and with their commitment, I should be home safe.

Wrong! You have to assume that even your best leads will delay or pass on the investment (sometimes even last minute). If you rely on them to come in or be your anchor, you’ll find yourself in a tight spot if they don’t come through.

Building a large enough pipeline of potential investors is crucial. It’s so much better to eventually turn away investors because there is no more room in the round than to be left short of funds.

Your fundraising strategy

Make sure you set up a fundraising strategy before you go out. The first thing we tend to do is make a long list of investors we’re going to send our pitch deck. Take a step back.

Also Read: AI startup 6Estates closes Series B funding round from GDP Venture

The first thing you want to do is discuss the fundraising strategy with your partners/team. Try to answer the following questions:

  • Why are we fundraising? How will the fundraise impact our business and team? Do we want to explore market-appetite for our fundraise first, or do we start our official fundraise now?
  • Which investors do we want on board and why? What is our A-list, what does it take to convince them and whom do we add to our long list?
  • Does our pitch answer the essential questions investors have (Product, Traction, Team, Market Dynamics and Opportunity)?
  • Do we have enough bandwidth and data to reply to questions from investors quickly? One of the worst things that can happen during fundraising is making investors wait for a reply.
  • What is our fundraising timeline? When do we need to get nervous or when do we run out of money?
  • Are we raising internationally and what does that mean time and travel-wise?

Use the answers to these questions to build your fundraising roadmap.

Make that trip

Fundraising means you will need to start building relationships with investors of different backgrounds.

Whether you’re talking to venture capital firms, corporates, high net worth individuals, family offices or institutions, you have to be prepared to be open to a lot of different cultures and make tons of trips.

Since I moved to Southeast Asia, I have learned to make that trip to meet potential investors. Do not try to fundraise from behind your desk.

Why is making that trip necessary? I made strong connections over the years after deciding to make a trip to meet an investor, even though my work schedule couldn’t get any busier.

These serendipitous investor meetings only happen when and if you put yourself out there.

Making the trip also helps you meet other investors in that city/country or region. Actively ask investors who else you should meet.

A meeting is a 100x better than a phone call. Bear in mind that only a small percentage of these trips will lead to actual conversion.

A small tip. Before you go book your flight. Ask the potential investor a few simple questions for pre-qualification:

  • Have they invested in a strategy or company like yours before?
  • What are some of the previous investment they have made?
  • What attracts them in a strategy or company like yours?

A pass is fine. It’s part of the journey

Don’t be scared to get passed on.

Whether it’s sales, dating, fundraising, competing in sports or life in general, you will get disappointed. Please deal with it. Get to a point where you can ask the investor to confirm the commitment.

There are several ways to get an investor to commit (assuming they liked the pitch).

  • Ask them for their timeline. Which steps do they need to cover before they can commit?
  • Provide significant business updates during the fundraising.
  • Prioritize answering questions from investors.
  • Discuss the terms for the investment.
  • Ask investors for feedback. Why are they considering the investment and what are their
  • concerns. If you ask for feedback, use it!
  • If applicable, provide industry updates that are useful to potential investors (for instance regional macros, regulatory changes, etc.)

After doing all this, you work towards asking them for a yes or a no. If the investor ends up passing, make sure you stay in touch.

Also Read: How many .com domain names are unused?

Realize that investors will follow your progress. Send updates, add them to your non-confidential newsletters, etc.

For some investors, the timing isn’t right so investors that pass now might become your investor in the next round.

Investors have options, so do you!

At times you’ll feel that you’re pitching away, but not getting anywhere.

I can still recall in the first few years of fundraising that I didn’t even get the chance to pitch our fund. We were pitching Southeast Asia and why investors should be interested in that market. When we got over that hurdle, we finally got a chance to pitch the fund.

Why did we have to pitch Southeast Asia first? Investors were comparing our fund thesis and opportunity to other funds in other regions such as China and India.

We weren’t the only one fundraising and investors look at every investable dollar.

How does it come back, does it bring strategic value, does it give me access to more deals, how does it fit in my asset mix, etc?

When you go out fundraising, you have to realize that you’re not the only one.

Investors have options. Always keep that in the back of your mind when you’re pitching investors. The way you pitch, behave, respond to questions, present yourself and your team, everything will get benchmarked against other opportunities investors have on the table.

A few more things to take into considering while you’re fundraising:

  • No one will pitch investors saying their business will slow down or will generate negative returns. Realize your competitors will likely pitch a similar story to yours. Find your unique angle and anchor your pitch around it. The way you fundraise tells the investor a lot about how you run your business. Strive for excellence in execution across all aspects of your business.
  • Under promise and over deliver. If you tell investors you’ll respond within a week, make it four days. You have to remain on point during the entire fundraising process. Don’t slow down.
  • Provide a clear response when investors want to understand what the effect is of their investment on your business. How much more can you do with their capital, which opportunities are you able to proceed, how different will the company’s trajectory be after the investment?

Image Credit: chekman

This article first appeared on Medium.

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5 ways story selling could increase your marketing campaign ROI

Why tell them when you can sell them?

Sometime in 2013, I started a Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) business.

I put my all in it and watched it grow. I loved my business, and I loved how quickly it was growing.

But then tragedy struck…

Fire engulfed the business one year later in the middle of the night, and by the time I came the following morning, the premises were in ruins.

Thousands of dollars gone, just like that. It was heart-wrenching.

It was at that point that I realised that I hadn’t insured my business…

The story above is my true-life story. But notice how I could have easily started talking about an insurance plan that would have worked for me. Something, that my readers would then easily buy into.

Why?

I employed the ancient art of storytelling to sell. That is what I call the Art of Story Selling.

If you are a marketer, you would have noticed that selling things outrightly would not likely resonate well with your audience.

They want something they can relate with. That way, they get sold without having the feeling of being sold to.

How do you that? How do you write in such a way that your target audience would be sold without knowing what hit them?

Here are some tips to help you become a better story seller.

1. Talk to your audience like they are your friends

Just like I did in the story above, when you write, tell your stories in a natural form.

If it will work better for you, start your writing with the heading, “Dear X”. In this case, “X” should be your closest friend. Then write your story.

In this article on My Startupceo on managing emails, for instance, the author began his story in a conversational tone.

Reading it was seamless for me because it sounded like he was chatting with a friend. This means you can apply this no matter the topic you are writing on.

Also, after writing, make out time and read out what you wrote to your own hearing. Make all necessary edits until it starts sounding like a story your best friend would love to read.

2. Create suspense

Let’s face it, you may not really be an author.

This means that you are not likely writing for the sake of writing.

You have a goal. And your goal is for your targeted audience to become your customers or clients.

To do that, make sure that your story takes them on a journey.

Don’t tell them everything within the first two lines. Let the story unfold. Make them curious. Use words and sentences that would get your readers to ask themselves, “what happened next?”.

This way, they will keep reading without even knowing that they had gotten sold.

3. Talk about the problem you want to solve

Like the instance I used in my story, the problem was a fire accident.

My job as a story seller was to paint the picture of this problem in a way that my readers would be able to relate to it. At that point, they would be nodding in their minds because this could have been them.

I could also make it worse by backing up my story with statistics.

For instance, I could say that according to US Fire statistics, there were 1,317,500 fire incidents in the United States in 2017. And according to this data in this article on Forbes, 40 per cent of businesses never open after a disaster.

Worse still, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) says that only 29 per cent out of those that do would still be operating after two years.

Facts like these will help make the problem look scary, and get my readers to start asking for the possible solution to this problem. Use this to your advantage no matter the line of business you do.

Also Read: Found. and Collision8 merge in major co-working consolidation

This was exactly what Summer Hirst did in this article on Virtual Private Network (VPN) Base. The article was supposed to talk about hackers.

But to drive home her point, she focused on the recent hack that occurred on Quora, which affected more than 100 million users.

As a Quora user, immediately I came across that article, the only question on my mind was, “What do I do to protect myself from these hackers in the future?”.

Doing this effectively will make it very easy for you to sell your solution.

4. Sell your solution like a boss.

You know how sales-y marketers sound, right? It can be annoying. Don’t do that. Don’t sound desperate.

And no matter what you do, don’t ever beg them to buy. Bosses don’t beg. If you sound like you are begging, people won’t want to buy from you.

Why? The simple reason is that people want to buy the best products out there. And the logic is that if what you are selling is so good, you wouldn’t have to beg people to buy it.

5. End your story by asking for the sale.

It is not enough to talk about the solution you provide, go ahead and ask for the sale. You can do this indirectly through a creative CTA (call to action).

It could be to sign up to your newsletter or to click on a link that leads to a check out centre. Or it could be that you gave them a phone number to call for your services.

But don’t ever make the mistake of story-selling without actually asking for the sales.

Also Read: LOGIVAN raises US$5.5M, the largest funding round it has raised to date

And as a bonus, make sure you add a wonderful and relatable picture to the story you are selling your audience.

Remember that saying about a picture speaking more than a thousand words? It is true.

By the way, you should not be caught dead using Google images for this.

Make the extra effort of going to picture sites like Unsplash, or Pixabay and downloading high-quality images that can be used to show in pictures the story you are trying to tell with words.

Or you could use your own personal pictures. These would work better especially if your platform is a social media site.

This will go a long way to boost your engagement.

Photo by Chris Benson on Unsplash

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Myanmar recycling startup gets US$150,000 and entry into Norwegian accelerator

RecyGlo hopes to help Myanmar companies recycle by making the process for convenient for businesses

RecyGlo, a Myanmar startup that has built a recycling pick-up service, has been accepted into the Katapult Ocean Accelerator Program from Norway and will receive a US$150,000 investment as part of the programme.

RecyGlo is trying to help Burmese companies improve their recycling habits by helping them schedule and arrange the delivery process. Essentially, if a company organises their recycling, RecyGlo will make sure it gets to the correct location.

Co-founder and CEO Shwe Yamin Oo explains as such,

“The current waste management in Myanmar is frangemented, inefficient and problematic. Our biggest concern is that waste is not properly managed and eventually going to rivers and ocean thus creating massive environmental problem. We make sure waste management and recycling easy, affordable, systematic and minimal impact on the environment.”

RecyGlo also has alternative products like waste awareness training, a corporate social responsibility programme and a waste auditing service.

It boasts clients like the International Finance Corporation, H&M and Panasonic.

Also Read: Meet 7 more top-notch investors who will be judging TOP100!

The startup is entering Katapult in an effort to secure later stage funding with the goal of expanding into other cities in Myanmar.

As for Katapult, they were attracted to RecyGlo as a company that fights ocean plastic at the source. A significant chunk of ocean waste starts on land before being transported to the ocean via rivers. If plastic in developing nations like Myanmar can be transported to recycling centers, it may help decrease the amount of waste in our oceans.

RecyGlo had previously come out of the Phandeeyar accelerator programme where it received its first injection of financing.

Also Read: How many .com domain names are unused?

 

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Blockchain still vulnerable to hacks despite security hype, but here are some solutions

Blockchain is inherently secure, but there are a lot of vulnerabilities in services and products currently in place. Here are some community- and business-backed trends that will ensure better security in transactions and data

  

One of the hallmark features of blockchain is that it is supposedly much more secure, adding remarkable levels of transparency that can quickly identify and mitigate cyber threats. But, at a time when we’re approaching 2,000 blockchain projects in development worldwide, watching thousands of crypto miners do their thing each day, and seeing billions of investment dollars pouring in each year, are we taking threats seriously? Has the greater community taken aspects of blockchain’s security for granted? The hard truths reveal affirmatives to both questions.

There are multiple ways that users can contribute to their favorite blockchain projects — whether that’s mining, staking or operating nodes (which can include masternodes, full nodes or lightweight nodes). Regardless of what they’re doing, these private deployments require an investment of time, money and effort to set up, so the last thing anyone wants is to fall victim to hackers. Unfortunately, people often don’t invest as much energy in securing their blockchain deployments as they do in getting their different features to work and scale, making the hacker threat very real.

Various attacks have already been seen on mining software, and there have been multiple high-profile thefts that were worth a lot of money. Tokens in staking wallets make very attractive targets. Malicious actors have successfully infected enterprise infrastructures with sneaky mining malware, called cryptojacking; and in 2016, Hong Kong-based exchange platform Bitfinex was hacked, resulting in more than $60 million (at the time) of crypto losses. The fact is that a victim may not even realize they’ve been hacked until it’s too late. Savvy hackers are careful to cover their tracks and siphon only a portion of tokens at a time.

Another emerging security hole in the crypto community is the potential for sensitive metadata to be exposed through common actions like checking balances, initiating transactions or just receiving block updates. This was recently called out by Ethereum Core Developer Peter Szilagyi. While metadata may seem harmless, it can lead to exposing the physical location of a blockchain deployment, which is something most would prefer to avoid. Why is it important to call out some of these threats?

The Difficulty of Securing Blockchain Projects with Traditional Security Applications

Addressing these and other threats today can lead you down the proverbial rabbit hole. Some of the chatter on BitcoinTalk forums reveals sage advice — often learned the hard way — about using virtual private networks (VPNs) and firewalls to secure deployments. However, these discussions are often light on details, especially on adequately configuring protective applications. As you dig deeper, you can get lost in threads upon threads detailing which ports need to be opened for each blockchain and which should be locked down. The point is that solutions like traditional VPNs and firewalls for protecting blockchain networks are possible solutions, but it’s difficult, messy and surprisingly fragile. I’m not saying fragile in the sense of penetrable, but more so in that one misstep or misconfiguration could open the door to vulnerabilities. What you’re left with is a security fig leaf: a false sense of safety actually covering for a gaping hole.

Also read: Blockchain companies need to strengthen brand credibility for sake of ecosystem

Then there is the centralised nature of network traffic management itself, as it is largely managed by a few centralised internet service providers (ISPs), which are vulnerable to threats like routing attacks. In fact, research previously suggested that just 13 ISPs host 30 percent of the Bitcoin network, while just three ISPs route 60 percent of the transaction traffic.

Making Blockchain Work for Blockchain

So how can we make sure that the networks blockchain developers and crypto miners use are secure? One possible solution is to build on the Marconi Protocol. This way for example, secure channels for data transport via packet-level encryption are enabled by default for any deployment. This is in contrast to using a separate solution such as a VPN, which not only requires specialised knowledge to set up and maintain, but also introduces a central authority and central point of failure into an otherwise decentralised system.

It’s essential that peers establish these secure connections between all nodes in a network so that traffic is safely transported. And with features like network layer virtualisation and traffic proxying built-in, protecting traffic becomes much easier.

Essentially a blockchain protecting the blockchain, this enables management of routing and packet processing with rules stored in blockchain-based smart contracts. This simplifies deployment and maintenance of what often become complex rule sets. Furthermore, with this setup you can allow developers to define their own network traffic rules, such as conditioning on packet-level features to spot a common phishing strategy where a misleading website, similar to a trusted one, is sent to lure in a user. And these framework ideas are just the beginning, especially with an enthusiastic blockchain developer community. Developers can now take the initiative to build their own decentralised security applications for anti-phishing, anti-malware, intrusion detection and distributed VPNs to deploy on the global blockchain.

Trust and Transparency

The bottom line is that it’s not enough to just trust in blockchain security because there is usually more transparency than other technological data security and privacy methods. Developers, miners and even enterprises need to look at the entire digital ecosystem when considering security, as every single point provides savvy hackers with a weak leak to exploit.

Also read: Blockchain security and the cryptocurrency boom, in theory and practice

As blockchain investment continues to skyrocket and the crypto markets continue to diversify — even with the recent slowdown — we will see more unique and sophisticated examples of cyber criminals penetrating blockchain’s security veneer. That’s the paradoxical ratio of technology: for as many positive innovations that tech brings up, there almost is an equal amount of sinister efforts to match it. The trick is to keep discussing the threats to blockchain while also inspiring and enabling the community to secure it.

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